Semunhu ane hunyanzvi Network Injiniya, unonzwisisa here iyo 8 yakajairika Network Attacks?

Mainjiniya etiweki, pamusoro, vangori "vashandi vehunyanzvi" vanovaka, kukwenenzvera, uye kugadzirisa network, asi muchokwadi, isu tiri "mutsara wekutanga wekudzivirira" mucybersecurity. Chirevo cha2024 CrowdStrike chakaratidza kuti cyberattacks yepasi rose yakawedzera ne30%, makambani ekuChina achirasikirwa nepamusoro pe50 bhiriyoni yeyuan nekuda kwenyaya dzecybersecurity. Vatengi havana basa nekuti uri maoparesheni kana nyanzvi yezvekuchengetedza; kana chiitiko chetiweki chikaitika, injiniya ndiye wekutanga kutakura mhosva. Tisingataure nezvekutorwa kwakapararira kweAI, 5G, uye Cloud network, izvo zvaita kuti nzira dzekurwisa dzevapambi dziwedzere kuoma. Pane chinyorwa chakakurumbira paZhihu kuChina: "Mainjiniya eNetwork asingadzidzi chengetedzo ari kuzvigura ega nzira yekutiza!" Mashoko aya, kunyange akaoma, ane chokwadi.

Muchinyorwa chino, ini ndichapa ongororo yakadzama yezvisere zvakajairwa kurwiswa kwenetiweki, kubva pamisimboti yavo uye zvidzidzo zvekesi kusvika kune nzira dzekudzivirira, kuichengeta ichiita sezvinobvira. Kunyangwe iwe uri mutsva kana murwi ane ruzivo ari kutsvaga kufambisira mberi hunyanzvi hwako, ruzivo urwu runokupa kutonga kwakawanda pamapurojekiti ako. Ngatitangei!

No.1 DDoS Attack

Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) kurwiswa kunoremedza maseva anotarirwa kana network ine huwandu hukuru hwetraffic yemanyepo, zvichiita kuti isasvike kune vashandisi vari pamutemo. Maitiro akajairika anosanganisira SYN mafashama uye UDP mafashama. Muna 2024, Cloudflare chirevo chakaratidza kuti DDoS kurwiswa kwakaverengera makumi mana muzana ekurwiswa kwese network.

Muna 2022, e-commerce chikuva chakatambura DDoS kurwiswa pamberi Singles 'Zuva, ine peak traffic inosvika 1Tbps, zvichiita kuti webhusaiti iparare kwemaawa maviri uye zvichikonzera kurasikirwa kwemakumi emamiriyoni eyuan. Shamwari yangu ndiye aitarisira rubatsiro rwechimbichimbi uye akapotsa apengeswa nekumanikidzwa.

Nzira yekudzivirira sei?

○Kuyerera Kuchenesa:Shandisa CDN kana DDoS kudzivirira masevhisi (akadai seAlibaba Cloud Shield) kusefa yakaipa traffic.
○Bandwidth Redundancy:Chengetedza 20% -30% yebandwidth kuti utsungirire nekukasira kusimuka kwetraffic.
○Monitoring Alarm:Shandisa maturusi (seZabbix) kutarisa traffic munguva chaiyo uye yambiro pane chero zvisizvo.
○Emergency Plan: Batira pamwe neISPs kukurumidza kushandura mitsetse kana kuvharira kurwisa masosi.

No.2 SQL Jekiseni

MaHacker anobaya SQL kodhi yakashata mumasaiti ekuisa mawebhusaiti kana maURL ekubira ruzivo rwedatabase kana kukuvadza masisitimu. Muna 2023, chirevo cheOWASP chakataura kuti jekiseni reSQL rakaramba riri rimwe rematatu epamusoro ekurwiswa kwewebhu.

Webhusaiti yebhizinesi diki-kusvika-yepakati-yakakanganiswa netsotsi akaisa "1=1" chirevo, achiwana nyore password yemutungamiriri, nekuti webhusaiti yakatadza kusefa mushandisi. Zvakazoonekwa kuti timu yekuvandudza yanga isati yaita yekusimbisa yekuisa zvachose.

Nzira yekudzivirira sei?

○Parameterized mubvunzo:Vagadziri vekumashure vanofanirwa kushandisa zvirevo zvakagadzirirwa kudzivirira zvakanangananisa SQL.
○WAF department:Webhu application firewalls (senge ModSecurity) inogona kuvharisa zvikumbiro zvakashata.
○Regular Audit:Shandisa maturusi (akadai seSQLMap) kuongorora kusazvibata uye kudzosera dhatabhesi usati wapeta.
○Access Control:Vashandisi veDatabhesi vanofanirwa kupihwa chete mashoma maropafadzo ekudzivirira kurasikirwa kuzere kwekutonga.

No.3 Cross-site Scripting (XSS) Attack

Cross-saiti scripting (XSS) inorwisa inoba makuki evashandisi, maID echikamu, uye mamwe manyoro akashata nekuapinza mumapeji ewebhu. Iwo akaiswa muzvikamu zvakaratidzwa, zvakachengetwa, uye DOM-based kurwisa. Muna 2024, XSS yakaverengera makumi maviri neshanu muzana ekurwiswa kwese kwewebhu.

Sarudzo yatadza kusefa zvinorehwa nemushandisi, zvichibvumira matsotsi kuisa script code uye kuba ruzivo rwekupinda kubva kuzviuru zvevashandisi. Ndakaona zviitiko apo vatengi vakabirwa CNY500,000 yuan nekuda kweizvi.

Nzira yekudzivirira sei?

○Input kusefa: Kutiza mushandisi wekuisa (senge HTML encoding).
○CSP Strategy:Ita kuti mitemo yekuchengetedzwa kwemukati isadzivise zvinyorwa.
○Kudzivirirwa kwebrowser:Seta misoro yeHTTP (yakadai seX-XSS-Protection) kuvharisa zvinyorwa zvine hutsinye.
○Tool Scan:Shandisa Burp Suite kugara uchitarisa kuti XSS ine ngozi.

No.4 Password Cracking

Matsotsi anowana mapassword emushandisi kana maneja kuburikidza nekurwiswa kwechisimba, kurwiswa kweduramazwi, kana social engineering. Chirevo cha2023 cheVerizon chakaratidza kuti 80% yecyber intrusions ine chekuita nemapassword asina simba.

Router yekambani, ichishandisa iyo default password "admin," yakapinda nyore nyore neanobira akadyara backdoor. Injiniya aibatanidzwa akazodzingwa basa, uye maneja akazvidavirirawo.

Nzira yekudzivirira sei?

○Complex Passwords:Simba 12 kana kudarika mavara, akasanganiswa kesi, nhamba, uye zviratidzo.
○Multi-factor Authentication:Gonesa MFA (senge SMS yekusimbisa kodhi) pane yakakosha michina.
○Password Management:Shandisa zvishandiso (zvakadai seLastPass) kubata nechepakati uye uchinje nguva dzose.
○Kuedza Kuedza:Iyo IP kero yakavharwa mushure mekutadza katatu kuyedza kudzivirira brute-force kurwiswa.

No.5 Man-in-the-Middle Attack (MITM)

Hackers inopindira pakati pevashandisi nemaseva, kupindira kana kukanganisa data. Izvi zvakajairika muWi-Fi yeruzhinji kana kufambiswa kwemashoko asina kunyorwa. Muna 2024, kurwiswa kweMITM kwakaverengera makumi maviri muzana ekufemba kwenetiweki.

Wi-Fi yemuchitoro chekofi yakakanganiswa nevanobira, zvichikonzera kuti vashandisi varasikirwe makumi ezviuru zvemadhora apo data ravo rakabvumwa vachipinda muwebhusaiti yebhangi. Mainjiniya vakazozoona kuti HTTPS yanga isiri kutevedzerwa.

Nzira yekudzivirira sei?

○Simba HTTPS:Iyo webhusaiti uye API yakavharidzirwa neTLS, uye HTTP yakadzimwa.
○Certificate Verification:Shandisa HPKP kana CAA kuona kuti chitupa chakavimbika.
○VPN Dziviriro:Sensitive mashandiro anofanira kushandisa VPN encrypt traffic.
○Kudzivirirwa kweARP:Tarisa iyo ARP tafura kudzivirira ARP spoofing.

No.6 Phishing Attack

MaHackers anoshandisa maemail akashata, mawebhusaiti, kana mameseji kunyengedza vashandisi kuti vaburitse ruzivo kana kudzvanya pane zvakashata zvinongedzo. Muna 2023, kurwiswa kwe phishing kwakaverengera makumi matatu neshanu muzana ezviitiko zvecybersecurity.

Mushandi weimwe kambani akagamuchira email kubva kune mumwe munhu aizviti ndiye mukuru wavo, achikumbira kuchinjirwa mari, uye akaguma arasikirwa nemamiriyoni. Zvakazoonekwa kuti iyo email domain yaive yenhema; mushandi anga asina kuzviongorora.

Nzira yekudzivirira sei?

○Kudzidziswa kwevashandi:Gara uchiitisa cybersecurity kudzidzisa kudzidzisa maitiro ekuziva phishing maemail.
○Kusefa KwetsambaShandisai anti-phishing gateway (yakadai seBarracuda).
○Domain Verification:Tarisa nzvimbo yeanotumira uye gonesa mutemo weDMARC.
○Kusimbisa Kaviri:Sensitive mashandiro anoda kuongororwa nerunhare kana mumunhu.

No.7 Ransomware

Ransomware encrypts data yevakabatwa uye inoda rudzikinuro rwekubvisa. Chirevo cha2024 cheSophos chakaratidza kuti makumi mashanu muzana emabhizinesi pasi rese akange asangana nekurwiswa kwerensomware.

Network yechipatara yakakanganiswa neLockBit ransomware, zvichikonzera kuremara kwehurongwa uye kumiswa kwekuvhiya. Mainjiniya vakapedza vhiki vachidzora data, zvichiunza kurasikirwa kukuru.

Nzira yekudzivirira sei?

○Regular Backup:Off-saiti backup ye data yakakosha uye kuyedzwa kwemaitiro ekudzoreredza.
○Patch Management:Gadziridza masisitimu uye software nekukasira kuvhara kusasimba.
○Behavioral Monitoring:Shandisa maturusi eEDR (akadai seCrowdStrike) kuona maitiro asina kunaka.
○Isolation Network:Segmenting sensitive systems kudzivirira kupararira kwehutachiona.

No.8 Zero-day Attack

Zero-zuva kurwiswa kunoshandisa kusafumurwa kwesoftware, zvichiita kuti zviome zvakanyanya kudzivirira. Muna 2023, Google yakashuma kuwanikwa kwemakumi maviri ane njodzi yakanyanya-zero-zuva kusasimba, mazhinji acho akashandiswa kurwisa ketani.

Kambani inoshandisa SolarWinds software yakakanganiswa nekusagadzikana kwezuva-zero, zvichikanganisa chain yayo yese. Mainjiniya vakashaya zvekuita uye vaigona kungomirira chigamba.

Nzira yekudzivirira sei?

○Kuonekwa Kwekupinda:Shandisa IDS/IPS (yakadai seSnort) kuti itarise traffic isina kujairika.
○Sandbox Analysis:Shandisa bhokisi rejecha kuparadzanisa mafaira anofungidzirwa uye kuongorora maitiro avo.
○Threat Intelligence:Nyorera kumasevhisi (akadai seFireEye) kuti uwane ruzivo rwekusagadzikana.
○Zvishoma Zvikomborero:Dzora mvumo yesoftware kuderedza nzvimbo yekurwisa.

Shamwari nhengo dzenetwork, ndedzipi mhando dzekurwiswa dzawakasangana nadzo? Uye wakazvibata sei? Ngatikurukurei izvi pamwe chete uye tishande pamwechete kuti network yedu iwedzere kusimba!