TCP yekubatanidza Setup
Patinoongorora iyo Webhu, tumira email, kana kutamba mutambo wepamhepo, kazhinji hatifunge nezvekubatana kwakaoma network kumashure kwazviri. Nekudaro, ndezvematanho madiki anoita kunge mashoma anoona kutaurirana kwakasimba pakati pedu uye seva. Imwe yeanonyanya kukosha matanho ndeye TCP yekubatanidza Setup, uye iyo iyo iyi ndiyo nzira nhatu-maoko maoko.
Chinyorwa ichi chinokurukura zvinotaurwa, maitiro uye kukosha kwenzira nhatu-maoko maoko zvakadzama. Nhanho nhanho, isu tichatsanangura kuti nei nzira nhatu-maoko inodiwa, inosimbisa kugadzikana kwekubatana uye kuvimbika, uye kwakakosha sei kuendesa data. Nekunzwisisa kwakadzama kwenyaya nhatu-maoko maoko, isu tichava nekunzwisisa kuri nani kweiyo nzira yekukurukurirana kwenetwork uye maonero akajeka ekuvimbika kweTCP kubatana kweTCP.
TCP matatu-nzira maoko ekunaya uye nyika shanduko
TCP ndiyo yekubatanidza-yakatarisana yekutakura protocol, iyo inoda kuumbwa kwekubatanidza usati watapirwa data. Iyi yekubatanidza yekuenzanisa maitiro inoitwa neye-matatu-nzira maoko.
Ngatitarisei tarisiro paTCP mapaketi anotumirwa mune imwe neimwe kubatana.
Pakutanga, zvese mutengi uye server yakavharwa. Kutanga, server inonyadzisa inoteerera pachiteshi uye iri mune yeTestate mamiriro, zvinoreva kuti server inofanira kutangwa. Tevere, mutengi akagadzirira kutanga kuwana iyo peji rewebhu.Neguhi kugadza kubatana ne server. Chimiro cheiyo yekutanga yekubatanidza packet iri seinotevera:
Kana mutengi achitanga kubatana, inogadzira iyo yekutanga yekutanga sequence nhamba (mutengi_isn) uye inoisa mu "nhamba yenhamba yeTCP musoro weTCP. Panguva imwecheteyo, mutengi anogadza iyo Sum nzvimbo kune 1 kuratidza kuti iyo inobuda packet iri syn packet. Mutengi anoratidza kuti zvinoda kuunganidza kubatana ne server nekutumira yekutanga system kune seva. Iyi packet haina basa rekushandisa remagetsi (iro riri, data rakatumirwa). Panguva ino, chimiro chemutengi chakanyorwa semunyori.
Kana server inogamuchira system kubva kune mutengi, iyo inosarudzika inotanga iyo nhamba yayo serimu (server Tevere, server inopinda mutengi-+ 1 mu "Yekubvuma nhamba" inoenderana neyekuruma kune mutengi, iyo isina data-layer data (uye hapana data yereva kutumira). Panguva ino, seva iri mune syn-rcvd state.
Kamwe mutengi anogamuchira paketi kubva ku server, inoda kuita iyo inotevera fungidziro yekupindura mhinduro yekupedzisira: Kutanga, mutengi anoisa iyo ACC yemusoro weTCP yemusoro wePindura Papaketi kusvika 1; Chechipiri, mutengi anopinda muChiexer Server_Isn + 1 mu "Simbisa Mhinduro Yehuwandu" munda; Pakupedzisira, mutengi anotumira packet kuseva. Iyi packet inogona kutakura data kubva kune mutengi kune server. Kana wapedza mashandiro aya, mutengi achazopinda iyo yakasimbiswa mamiriro.
Kamwe chete server yacho inogamuchira paketi yekupindura kubva kumutengi, inokwira zvakare kune yakasimbiswa mamiriro.
Sezvauri kuona kubva pane zviri pamusoro penzira, kana uchiita matatu-nzira ruoko, ruoko rwechitatu runotenderwa kutakura data, asi maviri ekutanga maoko haana. Uyu mubvunzo unowanzo bvunzwa mukubvunzurudzwa. Kamwe chete nhatu-maoko maoko akakwana, mapato ese ari maviri anopinda mune yakasimbiswa mamiriro, achiratidza kuti kubatana kwakabudirira kugadzwa, panguva iyo mutengi uye server inogona kutanga kutumira data kune mumwe nemumwe.
Nei Matanho Matatu? Kwete kaviri, kana kana kana
Mhinduro yakajairika ndeyekuti, "Nekuti nzira nhatu-maoko anovimbisa kugona kugamuchira uye kutumira." Mhinduro iyi ndeyechokwadi, asi ichokwadi pamusoro apa chikonzero, hachiise mberi ndicho chikonzero chikuru. Mukutevera, ini ndichaongorora zvikonzero zvekuti katatu ruoko kubva pazvinhu zvitatu zvekuwedzera kunzwisisa kwedu nyaya iyi.
Iyo nhatu-nzira maoko maoko anokwanisa kudzivirira kutanga kwekutanga kwekutanga kwakadzokororwa kwakadzokororwa (chikonzero chikuru)
Iyo nhatu-nzira maoko anovimbisa kuti vaviri mapato vakagamuchira yakavimbika yekutanga nhamba yekutanga.
Iyo nhatu-nzira maoko anodzivirira kupambadza zviwanikwa.
Chikonzero 1: Dzivisa nhoroondo dzinotaura nharo dzinopinda
Mune nzendo, chikonzero chikuru cheiyo nhatu-nzira yekubatira ndeyokudzivirira kuvhiringidzika kunokonzerwa neyekare yekudzokorora kwekubatana kwekubatana. Mune nharaunda yakaoma yenzvimbo, kutapurirana kwemapaketi edata hakuwanzo kutumirwa kunzvimbo yekuenda zvinoenderana nenguva yakatarwa, uye makadhi ekare edata anogona kusvika pakutambira kwekutanga nekuda kwesetestirs uye zvimwe zvikonzero. Kuti udzivise izvi, tcp inoshandisa nzira nhatu-maoko ekuisa kubatana.
Kana mutengi anotumira akawanda syn yekubatanidza mapaketi ekutevera, mumamiriro ezvinhu akadai seineti network, zvinotevera zvinogona kuitika:
1- Iyo yekare syn mapaketi inosvika ku seva isati yasvika
2- Server ichapindura syn syn (AD ACT packet kumutengi mushure mekugamuchira iyo yekare syn packet.
3- Kana mutengi anogamuchira iyo Syn Syn Syt ,,,,,,,,,,,,
Nekubatana kwemaviri, hapana nzira yekuziva kana iyo yazvino kubatana ndeye nhoroondo yekubatana. Iyo nhatu-nzira maoko inobvumira mutengi kuti uone kana iyo yazvino yekubatanidza inhoroondo yekubatanidza yakavakirwa pamamiriro ezvinhu kana yagadzirira kutumira pacaketi yechitatu:
1- Kana iri nhoroondo yekubatanidza (sequence nhamba yakapera
2- Kana isiri nhoroondo yekubatana, iyo packet yakatumirwa kwenguva yechitatu ndeye ACK packet, uye maviri maviri ekukurukurirana mapato akabudirira kusimbisa kubatana.
Naizvozvo, chikonzero chikuru icho TCP inoshandisa nzira nhatu-maoko ndekuti inotsvaga iyo yekubatanidza kudzivirira kubatana kwenhoroondo.
Chikonzero 2: Kuti uwirirane iyo yekutanga nhamba dzekuteedzera dzemapato ese maviri
Mativi ese eTCP Protocol anofanirwa kuchengetedza nhamba yekutevera, iyo iri chinhu chakakosha kuona kutapurirana kwakasimba. Sequence manhamba anotamba yakakosha basa muTCP kubatana.Vanotevera:
Anogamuchira anogona kubvisa dhizaini yedata uye simbisa chokwadi che data.
Anogamuchira anogona kugashira mapaketi mune iyo yekuraira yenhamba yekuteedzera kuti ive nechokwadi chekuvimbika kwe data.
● Nhamba yekutevera inogona kuona iyo dhata packet yakagamuchirwa neimwe bato, inogonesa kuvimbika data kutapurirana.
Naizvozvo, pachimisa yeTCP kubatana, mutengi anotumira nyora mapaketi neyekutanga nhamba yekutevera uye inoda kuti server yacho ipindure neACT Packet inoratidza yakabudirira kutambira kweiyo mutengi syn. Zvadaro, server inotumira iyo syn paganho rekutanga kune mutengi uye kumirira mutengi kuti apindure, kamwe uye kune vese, kuti vave nechokwadi chekuti nhamba yekutanga inotangira.
Kunyangwe mana-nzira yekubatira inokwanisika kuti iwirirane nehuwandu hwekutanga huwandu hwezvikamu zviviri zvemapato, matanho echipiri uye echitatu anokwanisa kusanganiswa nedanho rimwe chete. Nekudaro, maoko maviri aya anogona chete kuvimbisa kuti yekutanga nhamba yekuteedzera kwebato rimwe chete rakabudirira kugamuchirwa nedzimwe bato, asi hapana vimbiso yekuti nhamba yekutanga yemapato ese anogona kusimbiswa. Naizvozvo, iyo nhatu-nzira maoko akasarudza sarudzo yekutora kuitira kuti ive nechokwadi chekugadzikana uye kuvimbika kweTCP kubatana kweTCP.
Chikonzero 3: Dzivisa kupambadza zviwanikwa
Kana paine chete "maviri-maoko", apo mutengi kuyambira akavharwa mu network, mutengi haakwanise kugamuchira iyo ACK paCacket yakatumirwa neserver, saka iyo syn ichave isingazununguki. Nekudaro, sezvo pasina yechitatu maoko kusvika, seva haigoni kuona kana mutengi akagamuchira kubvuma kubvuma kuunganidza kubatana. Naizvozvo, seva inogona chete kumisikidza kubatana mushure mekugamuchira imwe neimwe chikumbiro. Izvi zvinotungamira kune zvinotevera:
Kutambisa zviwanikwa: Kana iyo mutengi chikumbiro yakavharwa, zvichikonzerwa nekudzokororwa nekudzokororwa kwekutapurirana kwemazasi ematare, server ichavandudza nzvimbo dzakawanda dzisina basa mushure mekugamuchira chikumbiro. Izvi zvinotungamira kunzvimbo isina kukodzera yerima reServer.
Kuchengeta Kwemashoko Nekuda kweizvozvo, kana mameseji akamira mune network, mutengi acharamba achitumira kuyamwisa uye zvakare, zvichikonzera seva kugara uchivamo humbowo hutsva. Izvi zvichawedzera network carnestion uye kunonoka uye zvisina kunaka kukanganisa iyo yakazara network network kuita.
Naizvozvo, kuitira kuti uve nechokwadi chekugadzikana uye kuvimbika kweseti network, TCP inoshandisa nzira nhatu-maoko ekuisa kubatana kuti udzivise kuitika kwezvinetso izvi.
Pfupiso
The theNetwork packet brokerTCP yekubatanidza kusimbiswa kunoitwa nenhatu-nzira-yakaita ruoko. Munguva yematatu-nzira yekubatira namaoko, mutengi anotanga kutumira packet neiyo mureza mureza kune server, zvichiratidza kuti inoda kuunganidza hukama. Mushure mekugamuchira chikumbiro kubva kune mutengi, seva inopindura packet uye ack mireza kune mutengi, zvichiratidza kuti chikumbiro chekubatanidza chinogamuchirwa, uye chinotumira nhamba yayo yekutanga yekutanga. Pakupedzisira, mutengi anopindura neyebhuti kunze kune server kuratidza kuti kubatana kwakabudirira kugadziriswa. Saka, mapato maviri ari mune yakasimbiswa mamiriro uye anogona kutanga kutumira data kune mumwe nemumwe.
Kazhinji, iyo nhatu-nzira yekubatira yekubatanidza yeTCP yekubatanidza yakagadzirirwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekusimbisa uye kuvimbika, uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti mapato ese ari maviri anokwanisa kugamuchira uye kutumira data.
Kutumira Nguva: Jan-08-2025
