Nhasi, tichatanga nekutarisa paTCP. Kwekutanga muchitsauko chekuisana, takataura chinhu chakakosha. Pane network layer uye pazasi, zviri zvakawanda nezve host to host zvinongedzo, zvinoreva kuti komputa yako inoda kuziva pane imwe komputa kuti ubatanidze kwairi. Nekudaro, kutaurirana mune network kunowanzo kupindirana kutaurirana kwete kutaurirana pakati pemachine. Naizvozvo, TCP protocol inosuma pfungwa yechiteshi. Chiteshi chinogona kugarwa neimwe nzira chete, iyo inopa kutaurirana kwakananga pakati pemashandisirwo ekushandisa ari kushanda pane akasiyana mauto.
Basa rekutakura dhizaini ndere nzira yekupa yakananga masevhisi ekutaurirana pakati pemaitiro ekushandisa ari kushanda pane akasiyana mauto, saka inozivikanwa zvakare seyekupedzisira-kusvika-kumagumo protocol. Iyo yekufambisa layer inovanza iyo yakakosha yetiweki, ichibvumira maitiro ekushandisa kuti aone sekunge pane inonzwisisika yekupedzisira-kusvika-kumagumo nzira yekutaurirana pakati pezviviri zvekutakura layer masangano.
TCP inomirira Transmission Control Protocol uye inozivikanwa secontact-oriented protocol. Izvi zvinoreva kuti imwe application isati yatanga kutumira data kune imwe, maitiro maviri aya anofanirwa kubata ruoko. Handshake inzira inonzwisisika yakabatana iyo inovimbisa kutapurirana kwakavimbika uye kurongeka kugamuchira data. Munguva yekubata maoko, chinongedzo chinotangwa pakati pekwakabva uye kwekuenda mauto nekuchinjana akatevedzana ekudzora mapaketi uye kubvumirana pane mamwe ma parameter uye mitemo kuti ive nechokwadi chekubudirira kwekufambisa data.
Chii chinonzi TCP? (Mylinking'sNetwork TapuyeNetwork Packet Brokerinogona kugadzirisa ese TCP kana UDP Packets)
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) inobatanidza yakanangana, yakavimbika, byte-rukova yakavakirwa yekutakura layer yekutaurirana protocol.
Connection-oriented: Kubatana-kwakanangana kunoreva kuti kutaurirana kweTCP kune imwe-kune-imwe, ndiko kuti, kuguma-kusvika-kugumisa kutaurirana, kusiyana neUDP, iyo inogona kutumira mameseji kune mauto akawanda panguva imwe chete, saka kutaurirana kumwe-kune-kwakawanda hakugone kuwanikwa.
Kuvimbika: Kuvimbika kweTCP kunovimbisa kuti mapaketi anounzwa akavimbika kune anogamuchira pasinei nekuchinja muhutano hwemambure, izvo zvinoita kuti protocol packet format yeTCP yakaoma kupfuura yeUDP.
Byte-stream-based: The byte-stream-based nature yeTCP inobvumira kutumira mameseji emhando ipi neipi uye inovimbisa kurongeka kwemeseji: kunyangwe kana meseji yapfuura isati yagamuchirwa zvizere, uye kunyangwe mabheti anotevera akagamuchirwa, TCP haizoaendesa kune iyo application layer yekugadziriswa uye inodonha otomatiki mapaketi maviri.
Kana muenzi A uye mugamuchiri B atanga chinongedzo, chishandiso chinongoda kushandisa mutsara wekutaurirana kutumira uye kugamuchira data, nekudaro kuve nechokwadi chekufambisa data. Iyo TCP protocol ine basa rekudzora mabasa akadai sekumisikidzwa kwekubatanidza, kubviswa, uye kubata. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti pano tinoti mutsara chaiwo unongoreva kumisa kubatana, TCP protocol yekubatanidza inongoratidza kuti mativi maviri anogona kutanga kutumira data, uye kuve nechokwadi chekuvimbika kwedata. Manodhi ekufambisa uye ekufambisa anobatwa netiweki zvishandiso; iyo TCP protocol pachayo haina hanya neizvi.
Kubatana kweTCP ibasa rakazara-duplex, zvinoreva kuti muenzi A uye muenzi B anogona kufambisa data mumativi ese muTCP yekubatanidza. Kureva kuti, data inogona kutamiswa pakati pemugamuchiri A uye mugamuchiri B mune bidirectional kuyerera.
TCP inochengetedza data kwenguva pfupi mune yekubatanidza kutumira buffer. Iyi yekutumira buffer ndeimwe yemacache akamisikidzwa panguva yenzira nhatu dzekubata maoko. Mushure meizvozvo, TCP inotumira iyo data mune inotumira cache kune inogashira cache yemuiti wekuenda panguva yakakodzera. Mukuita, vezera rega rega richava nekutumira cache uye yekugamuchira cache, sezvakaratidzwa pano:
Iyo yekutumira buffer inzvimbo yekuyeuka inochengetwa neTCP kuitiswa padivi rekutumira iyo inoshandiswa kuchengetedza kwenguva pfupi data kuti itumirwe. Kana kubatwa kwemaoko-matatu kunoitwa kumisikidza chinongedzo, cache yekutumira inomiswa uye inoshandiswa kuchengetedza data. Iyo buffer yekutumira inogadziriswa zvine simba zvinoenderana netiweki kusangana uye mhinduro kubva kune anogamuchira.
Iyo inogashira buffer inzvimbo yendangariro inochengetwa neTCP kuitiswa padivi rekugamuchira iyo inoshandiswa kuchengetedza kwenguva yakagamuchirwa data. TCP inochengetedza iyo data yakagamuchirwa mune yekugamuchira cache uye inomirira iyo yepamusoro application kuti iverenge.
Ziva kuti saizi yekutumira cache uye yekugamuchira cache ishoma, kana cache yazara, TCP inogona kutora mamwe maitiro, senge congestion control, flow control, nezvimwewo, kuti ive nechokwadi chekufambisa data uye kugadzikana kwetiweki.
Mumakomputa network, kuendesa data pakati pemahosi kunoitwa nenzira dzezvikamu. Saka chii chinonzi packet segment?
TCP inogadzira chikamu cheTCP, kana chikamu chepakiti, nekutsemura rukova runouya kuita chunks uye nekuwedzera TCP misoro kune yega yega chunk. Chikamu chega chega chinogona kungofambiswa kwenguva shoma uye hachigone kudarika Maximum Segment Size (MSS). Painodzika pasi, chikamu chepakiti chinopfuura nepakati peiyo link layer. Iyo yekubatanidza layer ine Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU), inova yakakura saizi yepakiti inogona kupfuura nepakati data link layer. Iyo yakanyanya transmission unit inowanzoenderana neiyo yekutaurirana interface.
Saka ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati peMSS neMTU?
Mumakomputa network, iyo hierarchical architecture yakakosha nekuti inotora mundangariro mutsauko pakati pemazinga akasiyana. Nheyo imwe neimwe ine zita rakasiyana; muchikamu chekutakura, data inonzi segment, uye mune network layer, data inonzi IP packet. Nokudaro, iyo Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) inogona kufungidzirwa seMaximum IP packet Size inogona kuendeswa ne network network layer, nepo Maximum Segment Size (MSS) inyanzvi yekutakura iyo inoreva kuwanda kwehuwandu hwe data inogona kuendeswa neTCP packet panguva.
Ziva kuti kana iyo Maximum Segment Size (MSS) yakakura kupfuura iyo Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU), IP kupatsanurwa kuchaitwa pane network layer, uye TCP haizotsemure data hombe kuita zvikamu zvakakodzerwa nehukuru hweMTU. Pachave nechikamu pane network layer yakatsaurirwa kune IP layer.
TCP packet segment chimiro
Ngationgororei mafomati uye zviri mukati meTCP misoro.
Kutevedzana nhamba: Nhamba isina kurongeka inogadzirwa nekombuta kana kubatanidzwa kwasimbiswa seyokutanga kukosha kwayo kana TCP yasimbiswa, uye nhamba yekutevedzana inotumirwa kune anogamuchira kuburikidza neSYN packet. Munguva yekutumira data, mutumi anowedzera nhamba yekutevedzana zvichienderana nehuwandu hwe data yakatumirwa. Iye anogamuchira anotonga kurongeka kweiyo data maererano neyakagamuchirwa kutevedzana nhamba. Kana iyo data yakawanikwa isiri yekurongeka, iye anogamuchira anozorongedza data kuti ave nechokwadi chekurongeka kweiyo data.
Nhamba yekubvuma: Iyi inhamba yekutevedzana inoshandiswa muTCP kubvuma kugamuchira data. Inoratidza nhamba yekutevedzana kweiyo data inotevera iyo mutumwa anotarisira kugamuchira. Mukubatana kweTCP, uyo anogamuchira anosarudza kuti ndeipi data yakagamuchirwa zvakabudirira zvichienderana nenhamba yekutevedzana yechikamu chakagamuchirwa che data packet. Kana uyo anogamuchira achibudirira kugamuchira data, inotumira ACK packet kune anotumira, iyo ine nhamba yekubvuma yekubvuma. Mushure mekugamuchira ACK packet, mutumi anogona kusimbisa kuti data isati yabvuma nhamba yekupindura yakagamuchirwa zvinobudirira.
Iwo mabheti ekudzora echikamu cheTCP anosanganisira zvinotevera:
ACK zvishoma: Kana ichi chidimbu chiri 1, zvinoreva kuti nzvimbo yekubvuma yekupindura inoshanda. TCP inotsanangura kuti bhiti iri rinofanira kusetwa ku1 kunze kweSYN mapaketi kana kubatana kwatanga.
RST zvishoma: Kana ichi chiduku chiri 1, chinoratidza kuti pane kunze kwekubatana kweTCP uye kubatanidzwa kunofanira kumanikidzwa kubviswa.
SYN zvishoma: Kana ichi chidimbu chikaiswa ku1, zvinoreva kuti kubatana kunofanirwa kusimbiswa uye kukosha kwekutanga kwenhamba yekutevedzana kunoiswa mundima yekuteedzana.
FIN zvishoma: Kana ichi chidimbu chiri 1, zvinoreva kuti hapana data ichatumirwa mune ramangwana uye kubatana kunodiwa.
Iwo akasiyana mabasa uye hunhu hweTCP hunomisikidzwa nechimiro cheTCP mapaketi zvikamu.
Chii chinonzi UDP? (Mylinking'sNetwork TapuyeNetwork Packet Brokerinogona kugadzirisa ese TCP kana UDP Packets)
Mushandisi Datagram Protocol (UDP) ndeye yakabatana yekutaurirana protocol. Kuenzaniswa neTCP, UDP haipe maitiro akaomarara ekudzora. Iyo UDP protocol inobvumira maapplication kutumira zvakananga akavharirwa IP mapaketi pasina kumisikidza chinongedzo. Kana mugadziri asarudza kushandisa UDP pachinzvimbo cheTCP, chishandiso chinotaurirana zvakananga neIP.
Zita rakazara reUDP Protocol is User Datagram Protocol, uye musoro wayo unongori sere bytes (64 bits), iri mupfupi. Mamiriro eiyo UDP musoro ndeokuti:
Nzvimbo uye matsime ports: Chinangwa chavo chikuru ndechekuratidza kuti ndeipi nzira iyo UDP inofanira kutumira mapaketi.
Saizi yepakiti: Saizi yepakiti saizi inobata saizi yeUDP musoro pamwe nehukuru hwe data
Checksum: Yakagadzirwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuendeswa kweUDP misoro uye data Basa recheki nderekuona kana kukanganisa kana huwori hwakaitika panguva yekufambiswa kwepaketi yeUDP kuti ive nechokwadi chekuvimbika kwedata.
Misiyano pakati peTCP neUDP muMylinking'sNetwork TapuyeNetwork Packet Brokerinogona kugadzirisa ese TCP kana UDP Packets
TCP uye UDP zvakasiyana mune zvinotevera zvinhu:
Connection: TCP inoenderana-yakatarisana yekufambisa protocol inoda kuti chinongedzo chigadzirwe data risati ratamiswa. UDP, kune rumwe rutivi, haidi kubatana uye inogona kutamisa data nekukurumidza.
Service Object: TCP is one-to-one two-point service, kureva kuti, kuwirirana kune magumo maviri chete ekutaurirana. Zvisinei, UDP inotsigira imwe-kune-imwe, imwe-kune-vakawanda, uye yakawanda-kune-yakawanda yekukurukurirana kutaurirana, iyo inogona kutaurirana nevakawanda mauto panguva imwe chete.
Kuvimbika: TCP inopa sevhisi yekuendesa data zvakavimbika, kuve nechokwadi chekuti data haina kukanganisa, kurasikirwa-isina, isina-duplicate, uye inosvika pakudiwa. UDP, kune rumwe rutivi, inoita basa rayo repamusoro uye haivimbisi kutumirwa kwakavimbika. UDP inogona kutambura nekurasikirwa nedata uye mamwe mamiriro panguva yekufambisa.
Congestion control, flow control: TCP ine congestion control uye kuyerera kwekudzora nzira, iyo inogona kugadzirisa chiyero chekufambisa data zvinoenderana nemamiriro etiweki kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedza uye kugadzikana kwekufambiswa kwedata. UDP haina congestion control uye mafambiro ekudzora kuyerera, kunyangwe iyo network yakanyanya kuwanda, haizogadzirise iyo UDP yekutumira chiyero.
Musoro pamusoro: TCP ine musoro wakareba kureba, kazhinji 20 bytes, iyo inowedzera kana minda yesarudzo inoshandiswa. UDP, kune rumwe rutivi, ine yakagadziriswa musoro we8 bytes chete, saka UDP ine yakaderera musoro pamusoro.
TCP uye UDP Mamiriro Ekushandisa:
TCP uye UDP maviri akasiyana ekutakura layer mapuroteni, uye ane mimwe misiyano mumamiriro ekushandisa.
Sezvo TCP iri yekubatanidza-inotungamirwa protocol, inonyanya kushandiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu apo inovimbika kuendesa data kunodiwa. Zvimwe zvinowanzoitika zvekushandisa zvinosanganisira:
FTP kufambisa faira: TCP inogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti mafaira haana kurasika uye akashatiswa panguva yekuendesa.
HTTP/HTTPS: TCP inovimbisa kutendeseka uye kurongeka kwewebhu zvemukati.
Nekuti UDP ndeye yakabatana protocol, haipe vimbiso yekuvimbika, asi ine hunhu hwekushanda uye chaiyo-nguva. UDP yakakodzera kune anotevera mamiriro:
Yakaderera-packet traffic, senge DNS (Domain Name System): DNS mibvunzo inowanzova mapfupi mapaketi, uye UDP inogona kuipedza nekukurumidza.
Multimedia kutaurirana senge vhidhiyo uye odhiyo: Nekufambiswa kwemultimedia ine yakakwira chaiyo-nguva zvinodiwa, UDP inogona kupa yakaderera latency kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti data rinogona kufambiswa nenguva.
Kukurukurirana kwenhepfenyuro: UDP inotsigira kutaurirana kumwechete-kune-kwakawanda uye kwakawanda-kune-kwakawanda uye inogona kushandiswa kufambisa mameseji ekutepfenyura.
Summary
Nhasi tadzidza nezve TCP. TCP inobatanidza yakatarisana, yakavimbika, byte-rukova yakavakirwa kutakura layer yekutaurirana protocol. Iyo inovimbisa kutapurirana kwakavimbika uye kurongeka kugamuchirwa kwedata nekutanga kubatana, kubata maoko uye kubvuma. TCP protocol inoshandisa madoko kuona kutaurirana pakati pematanho, uye inopa yakananga masevhisi ekutaurirana kwemaitiro ekushandisa anomhanya pane akasiyana mauto. TCP yekubatanidza yakazara-duplex, inobvumira panguva imwe chete bidirectional data kutamiswa. Kusiyana neizvi, UDP ndeye yakabatana yakatarisana yekutaurirana protocol, iyo isingapi vimbiso yekuvimbika uye yakakodzera kune mamwe mamiriro ane yakakwirira-chaiyo-nguva zvinodiwa. TCP uye UDP zvakasiyana mukubatanidza mode, sevhisi chinhu, kuvimbika, congestion control, kuyerera kwekudzora uye zvimwe zvinhu, uye maitiro avo ekushandisa akasiyana zvakare.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-03-2024
