Fungidzira kuvhura email inoita seyakajairwa, uye nguva inotevera, account yako yekubhangi haina chinhu. Kana kuti urikubhurawuza pawebhu kana skrini yako ichikiya uye meseji yerudzikinuro yabuda. Zviratidziro izvi hazvisi zvesainzi zvemanyepo, asi mienzaniso chaiyo yehupenyu hwema cyberattacks. Munguva ino yeInternet yezvose, Indaneti haisi bhiriji rakakodzera chete, asiwo inzvimbo yekuvhima yevanokuvadza. Kubva pakuvanzika pachedu kusvika pakuvanzika kwekambani kusvika kuchengetedzo yenyika, cyber Attacks iri kwese kwese, uye simba ravo remanomano uye rekuparadza riri kutonhora. Kurwiswa kupi kuri kutityisidzira? Vanoshanda sei, uye chii chinofanira kuitwa pamusoro pazvo? Ngatitarisei kusere kweanowanzo kurwisa cyberattacks, kukuendesa munyika yaunoziva uye yausina kujaira.
Malware
1. Chii chinonzi Malware? Malware chirongwa chakaipa chakagadzirirwa kukuvadza, kuba, kana kutonga sisitimu yemushandisi. Iyo inopinda mumidziyo yemushandisi kuburikidza nenzira dzinoita sedzisina mhosva senge email zvakanamatira, disguised software updates, kana zvisiri pamutemo kudhawunirodha webhusaiti. Kana ichingomhanya, malware inogona kuba ruzivo rwakadzama, encrypt data, kudzima mafaera, kana kutoshandura mudziyo kuita "puppet" yeanorwisa.
2. Mhando dzakajairika dzemarware
Utachiona:Yakabatanidzwa kune zvirongwa zvepamutemo, mushure mekushanda, kuzvidzokorora, hutachiona hwemamwe mafaira, zvichiita kuti system performance degradation kana kurasikirwa kwedata.
Worm:Inogona kuparadzira yakazvimirira pasina chirongwa chekugamuchira. Zvakajairika kuzviparadzira kuburikidza netiweki vulnerabilities uye kushandisa network zviwanikwa. Trojan: Kuita senge software yepamutemo kukurudzira vashandisi kuisa yekuseri iyo inogona kudzora midziyo iri kure kana kuba data.
Spyware:Kuongorora pachivande maitiro emushandisi, kurekodha makiyi kana nhoroondo yekubhurawuza, inowanzo shandiswa kuba mapassword uye ruzivo rweakaundi yebhangi.
Ransomware:kukiya mudziyo kana data rakavharidzirwa kuti rudzikinuro uvhure kwanyanya kutekeshera mumakore achangopfuura.
3. Kuparadzira uye Kukuvadza Malware kunowanzo kuparadzirwa kuburikidza nevezvenhau senge phishing emails, Malvertising, kana USB makiyi. Kukuvadza kunogona kusanganisira kudonha kwedata, kutadza kwehurongwa, kurasikirwa nemari, uye kunyangwe kurasikirwa kwemukurumbira wekambani. Semuyenzaniso, iyo 2020 Emotet malware yakava bhizinesi rekuchengetedza husiku nekutapurira mamirioni emidziyo pasi rese kuburikidza neakavharika magwaro eHofisi.
4. Nzira dzekudzivirira
• Isa uye gara uchivandudza anti-virus software kuti utarise mafaera anofungidzirwa.
• Dzivisa kubaya zvinongedzo zvisingazivikanwe kana kudhawunirodha software kubva kunzvimbo isingazivikanwe.
• Chengetedza data rakakosha nguva dzose kudzivirira kurasikirwa kusingadzoreki kunokonzerwa neransomware.
• Vhura mafirewall kuti adzivise kupinda kunetiweki kusina mvumo.
Ransomware
1. Mashandiro anoita Ransomware Ransomware imhando yakakosha yemalware iyo inovhara zvakananga mudziyo wemushandisi kana encrypt data yakakosha (semuenzaniso, zvinyorwa, dhatabhesi, source code) kuitira kuti akabatwa asakwanise kuiwana. Vanorwisa vanowanzoda kubhadharwa mune zvakaoma-ku-track cryptocurrencies se bitcoin, uye vanotyisidzira kuparadza zvachose data kana kubhadhara kusina kuitwa.
2. Typical Cases
Kurwiswa kweColonial Pipeline muna 2021 kwakashamisa nyika. Iyo DarkSide ransomware yakavharira hurongwa hwekutonga kwepombi huru yemafuta kuEast Coast yeUnited States, zvichiita kuti mafuta avhiringike uye vapambi vachida rudzikinuro rwemadhora mazana mana emamiriyoni emadhora. Chiitiko ichi chakafumura kusagadzikana kwezvivakwa zvakakosha kune ransomware.
3. Nei ransomware ichiuraya zvakadaro?
Kuvanza kwakanyanya: Ransomware inowanzo kuparadzirwa kuburikidza nesocial engineering (semuenzaniso, kuita semaemail ari pamutemo), zvichiita kuti zviome kuti vashandisi vaone.
Kukurumidzira kupararira: Nekushandisa kusagadzikana kwetiweki, ransomware inogona kukurumidza kukanganisa michina yakawanda mukati mebhizinesi.
Zvakaoma kudzoreredza: Pasina kuchengetedza kwakakodzera, kubhadhara rudzikinuro kunogona kunge kuri iko kwega sarudzo, asi zvingasaite kudzoreredza iyo data mushure mekubhadhara rudzikinuro.
4. Maitiro ekudzivirira
• Gara uchichengetedza data pasina Indaneti kuti uone kuti data yakakosha inogona kukurumidza kudzorerwa.
• Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) system yakashandiswa kutarisa maitiro asina kunaka munguva chaiyo.
• Dzidzisa vashandi kuti vaone maemail ephishing kuitira kuti vasave mavector ekurwisa.
• Patch system uye software vulnerabilities munguva yekuderedza njodzi yekupindira.
Phishing
1. Hunhu hwePhishing
Phishing imhando yekurwiswa kweinjiniya yemagariro umo munhu anorwisa, achizviita sechinhu chakavimbika (sebhangi, e-commerce chikuva, kana waanoshanda naye), anofurira munhu anenge abatwa kuti aburitse ruzivo rwakadzama (senge mapassword, nhamba dzekadhi rechikwereti) kana kudzvanya pane inokuvadza kuburikidza neemail, meseji, kana meseji yekukurumidza.
2. Common Forms
• Email phishing: Maemail emanyepo epamutemo ekukwezva vashandisi kuti vapinde mumawebhusaiti emanyepo uye kuisa magwaro avo.
Spear Phishing: Kurwiswa kwakarongedzerwa kwakanangidzirwa kune mumwe munhu kana boka rine budiriro yepamusoro.
• Smishing: Kutumira zviziviso zvemanyepo kuburikidza nemeseji kukwezva vashandisi kuti vadzvanye pane zvinongedzo zvinongedzo.
• Vishing: kunyepedzera kuva chiremera parunhare kuti uwane ruzivo rwakadzama.
3. Njodzi uye Migumisiro
Kurwiswa kwePhishing kwakachipa uye kuri nyore kuita, asi kunogona kukonzera kurasikirwa kukuru. Muna 2022, kurasikirwa kwemari yepasi rose nekuda kwekurwiswa kwephishing kwakasvika mabhiriyoni emadhora, kusanganisira akabiwa maakaundi emunhu, kukanganisa kwedata remakambani, nezvimwe.
4. Maitiro Okuita
• Tarisa kaviri kero yeatumira kana typos kana mazita asina kujairika edomeini.
• Ita kuti multi-factor authentication (MFA) ideredze njodzi kunyange kana mapassword akakanganiswa.
• Shandisa maturusi ekurwisa phishing kusefa maemail akashata uye zvinongedzo.
• Ita dzidziso yenguva dzose yekuziva nezvekuchengetedza kuchengetedza vashandi kungwarira.
Advanced Persistent Threat (APT)
1. Tsanangudzo yeAPT
Kutyisidzira kwepamberi (APT) kwakaoma, kwenguva refu cyber kurwiswa, kazhinji kunoitwa nemapoka ehurumende yevapambi kana zvikwata zvematsotsi. APT kurwisa ine chinangwa chakajeka uye dhigirii repamusoro rekugadzirisa. Vapambi vanopinda nematanho akawanda uye vanovandira kwenguva yakareba kuti vabire zvakavanzika data kana kukuvadza sisitimu.
2. Kurwisa Kuyerera
Kupindira kwekutanga:Kuwana kupinda kuburikidza ne phishing maemail, maexploit, kana kurwisa ketani.
Gadzira nzvimbo:Isa mabackdoors kuti uchengetedze kupinda kwenguva refu.
Lateral Movement:kupararira mukati mechinangwa chetiweki kuti uwane chiremera chepamusoro.
Kubiwa Kwedata:Kutora ruzivo rwakadzama senge pfuma yenjere kana magwaro ehurongwa.
Fukidza Trace:Bvisa danda kuti uvanze kurwisa.
3. Typical Cases
Kurwiswa kweSolarWinds muna 2020 chaive chiitiko chekare cheAPT umo matsotsi akadyara hutsinye kodhi kuburikidza nekurwiswa kwekutengesa, zvichikanganisa zviuru zvemabhizinesi nemasangano ehurumende pasirese uye kuba huwandu hwakakura hwe data.
4. Defensive Points
• Shandisai Intrusion monitoring system (IDS) kuti itarise abnormal network traffic.
• Tevedzera musimboti werunako rudiki kudzikamisa kufamba kwevanorwisa.
• Ita ongororo yekuchengetedzwa nguva dzose kuti uone zvinogona kuitika kumashure.
• Shanda nekutyisidzira njere mapuratifomu kutora zvichangobva kuitika zvekurwisa.
Murume ari kuMiddle Attack (MITM)
1. Man-in-the-pakati kurwisa kunoshanda sei?
Murume-mu-pakati-kurwisa (MITM) ndipo apo munhu anorwisa anopinza, anodimbura, uye anoshandisa kufambiswa kwedata pakati pemapato maviri ari kutaurirana ivo vasingazive nezvazvo. Anorwisa anogona kuba ruzivo rwakadzama, kukanganisa data, kana kutevedzera bato rehutsotsi.
2. Common Forms
• Wi-Fi spoofing: Vapambi vanogadzira maWi-Fi hotspots emanyepo kuti vakwezve vashandisi kuti vabatane kuitira kuba data.
DNS spoofing: kukanganisa neDNS mibvunzo kutungamira vashandisi kumawebhusaiti ane hutsinye.
• SSL kubirwa: Kugadzira zvitupa zveSSL kuti uvhare traffic encrypted.
• Kubira maemail: Kupindira uye kukanganisa zvinyorwa zveemail.
3. Njodzi
Kurwiswa kweMITM kunoisa kutyisidzira kukuru kumabhangi epamhepo, e-commerce, uye telecommuting masisitimu, izvo zvinogona kutungamira kumaakaundi akabiwa, kukanganiswa kwekutengeserana, kana kuratidzwa kwekutaurirana kwakaoma.
4. Kudzivirira Matanho
• Shandisa mawebhusaiti eHTTPS kuona kuti kutaurirana kwakavharirwa.
• Dzivisa kubatanidza kune yeruzhinji Wi-Fi kana kushandisa VPNS encrypt traffic.
• Gonesa yakachengeteka DNS resolution sevhisi seDNSSEC.
• Tarisa kuva nechokwadi kwezvitupa zveSSL uye svinurira yambiro.
SQL Jekiseni
1. Mechanism yeSQL Injection
SQL jekiseni ijekiseni rejekiseni rekodhi umo munhu anorwisa anoisa zvirevo zveSQL zvine hutsinye muminda yekuisa yeWebhu application (semuenzaniso, bhokisi rekupinda, bhaa yekutsvaga) kunyengedza dhatabhesi kuti iite mirairo isiri pamutemo, nekudaro kuba, kukanganisa kana kudzima data.
2. Kurwisa Nheyo
Funga nezvemubvunzo unotevera weSQL kune fomu rekupinda:
Anorwisa anopinda:
Mubvunzo unova:
Izvi zvinodarika chokwadi uye zvinobvumira anorwisa kuti apinde.
3. Njodzi
Jekiseni reSQL rinogona kutungamirira mukudonha kwezvinyorwa zve database, kuba kwezvimbo zvemushandisi, kana kunyange masisitimu ese ari kutorwa. Iyo Equifax data yekutyora muna 2017 yakabatana nekusagadzikana kweSQL jekiseni iyo yakakanganisa ruzivo rwemunhu rwevashandisi 147 miriyoni.
4. Dziviriro
• Shandisa mibvunzo ine parameterized kana zvirevo zvagara zvarongwa kuti usaite concatenating zvakanangana neruzivo rwemushandisi.
• Itai simbisiro yekupinza nekusefa kuramba mabhii asinganzwisisike.
• Dzora mvumo yedatabase kudzivirira vanorwisa kuita zviito zvine njodzi.
• Gara uchitarisa maapplication eWebhu kuona kusasimba uye njodzi dzekuchengetedza zvigamba.
DDoS Inorwisa
1. Mamiriro eDDoS Attacks
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) kurwisa kunotumira zvikumbiro zvakakura kune inotarirwa sevha nekudzora nhamba huru yebhoti, iyo inopedza bandwidth yayo, zviwanikwa zvechikamu kana simba rekombuta, uye inoita kuti vashandisi vakajairwa vatadze kuwana sevhisi.
2. Common Types
• Kurwiswa kweTraffic: kutumira nhamba huru yemapakiti uye kuvhara network bandwidth.
• Kurwiswa kweProtocol: Shandisa kusazvibata kweTCP/IP kuti upedze zviwanikwa zvesesheni yeseva.
• Kurwiswa kweApplication-layer: Kuremadza maseva eWebhu nekutevedzera zvikumbiro zvemushandisi zviri pamutemo.
3. Typical Cases
Kurwiswa kweDyn DDoS muna 2016 kwakashandisa Mirai botnet kuburitsa mawebhusaiti akati wandei anosanganisira Twitter neNetflix, ichiratidza njodzi yekuchengetedza yemidziyo yeot.
4. Maitiro Okuita
• Shandisa DDoS kudzivirira masevhisi kusefa yakaipa traffic.
• Shandisa Content Delivery network (CDN) kugovera traffic.
• Gadzirisa mitoro yezviyereso kuti uwedzere sevha yekugadzirisa simba.
• Monitor network traffic kuona uye kupindura kune anomalies nenguva.
Insider Threats
1. Tsanangudzo yeInsider Threat
Kutyisidzirwa kwemukati kunobva kuvashandisi vane mvumo (semuenzaniso, vashandi, makondirakiti) mukati mesangano vanogona kushandisa zvisizvo kodzero dzavo nekuda kwehutsinye, kuregeredza, kana kushandiswa nevanorwisa vekunze, zvichikonzera kuburitswa kwedata kana kukuvadzwa kwehurongwa.
2. Rudzi rweKutyisidzira
• Vane hutsinye vari mukati: Kuba nemaune data kana kukanganisa masisitimu kuitira purofiti.
• Vashandi vasina hanya: Nekuda kwekushaikwa kweruzivo rwekuchengetedza, kusashanda zvakanaka kunotungamirira mukusagadzikana.
• Maakaundi akabirwa: Vapambi vanodzora maakaundi emukati kuburikidza nekubira kana kuba magwaro.
3. Njodzi
Kutyisidzira mukati kunonetsa kuona uye kunogona kunzvenga mafirewall echinyakare uye masisitimu ekuona ekupinda. Muna 2021, kambani inozivikanwa kwazvo yetekinoroji yakarasikirwa nemazana emamiriyoni emadhora nekuda kwemushandi wemukati akaburitsa kodhi sosi.
4. Matanho Ekudzivirira Akasimba
• Shandisa zero-trust architecture uye simbisa zvikumbiro zvese zvekuwana.
• Tarisa maitiro emushandisi kuti uone kushanda kusina kujairika.
• Itai dzidziso dzekuchengetedza nguva dzose kuwedzera ruzivo rwevashandi.
• Chengetedza kuwana data inonzwisisika kuderedza njodzi yekudonha.
Nguva yekutumira: May-26-2025
