Kuti zvizadzise zvinodiwa nemasevhisi egore, network iyi inokamurwa zvishoma nezvishoma kuita Underlay neOverlay. Network yeUnderlay ndiyo michina chaiyo yakaita se routing and switching mu data center yechinyakare, iyo ichiri kutenda mupfungwa yekugadzikana uye inopa kugona kwekutumira data re network kwakavimbika. Overlay inetwork yebhizinesi yakavharirwa pairi, iri pedyo nebasa, kuburikidza neVXLAN kana GRE protocol encapsulation, kupa vashandisi masevhisi enetwork ari nyore kushandisa. Network yeUnderlay neOoverlay network zvakabatana uye zvakaparadzana, uye zvine hukama uye zvinogona kushanduka zvakazvimiririra.
Network yeUnderlay ndiyo hwaro hwenetwork. Kana network ye underlay isina kugadzikana, hapana SLA yebhizinesi. Mushure mekugadzirwa kwenetwork yezvikamu zvitatu uye kugadzirwa kwenetwork yeFat-Tree, dhizaini yedata centre network iri kuchinja kuenda kukugadzirwa kweSpine-Leaf, izvo zvakatanga kushandiswa kwechitatu kweCLOS network model.
Nzvimbo yeData Yechinyakare Magadzirirwo eNetwork
Dhizaini yeMaturikirwo Matatu
Kubva muna 2004 kusvika 2007, dhizaini ye network ine matanho matatu yaive yakakurumbira munzvimbo dzedata. Ine matanho matatu: core layer (musimboti we switching unokurumidza we network), aggregation layer (inopa kubatana kwakavakirwa pamitemo), uye access layer (inobatanidza nzvimbo dzebasa kune network). Muenzaniso wacho ndewekuti:
Magadzirirwo eNetwork ane nhurikidzwa nhatu
Core Layer: Ma core switches anopa kutumirwa kwemapaketi nekukurumidza kupinda nekubuda mudata center, kubatana kune akawanda aggregation layers, uye network yakasimba yeL3 routing iyo inowanzo shandira network yese.
Aggregation Layer: Switch yekuunganidza data inobatanidza ne access switch uye inopa mamwe mabasa, akadai se firewall, SSL offload, intrusion detection, network analysis, nezvimwewo.
Chigadziko Chekupinda: Maswichi ekupinda anowanzo kuve pamusoro peRaki, saka anonziwo maswichi eToR (Top of Rack), uye anobatanidza panyama nemasevha.
Kazhinji, switch yekubatanidza ndiyo nzvimbo yekuparadzanisa pakati pema network eL2 neL3: network yeL2 iri pasi pe switch yekubatanidza, uye network yeL3 iri pamusoro. Boka rega rega rema switch ekubatanidza rinotarisira Point Of Delivery (POD), uye POD yega yega inetwork yeVLAN yakazvimirira.
Network Loop uye Spanning Tree protocol
Kuumbwa kwezvirukwa kunonyanya kukonzerwa nekuvhiringidzika kunokonzerwa nenzira dzisina kujeka dzekuenda. Kana vashandisi vakagadzira network, kuti vave nechokwadi chekuvimbika, vanowanzo shandisa zvishandiso zvisina basa uye zvinongedzo zvisina basa, kuitira kuti zvirukwa zvigadzirwe. Network yechikamu chechipiri iri munzvimbo imwe chete yekuparadzira, uye mapaketi ekuparadzira achatumirwa kakawanda muropa, zvichiita dutu rekuparadzira, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kuvharika kwechiteshi uye kuoma kwemidziyo nekukasira. Saka, kudzivirira dutu rekuparadzira, zvakakosha kudzivirira kuumbwa kwezvirukwa.
Kuti zvidzivise kuumbwa kwezvishwe uye kuti zvive nechokwadi chekuti zvinovimbika, zvinongogoneka chete kushandura zvishandiso zvisina basa uye zvinongedzo zvisina basa kuita zvishandiso zvekuchengetedza uye zvinongedzo zvekuchengetedza. Kureva kuti, maports emidziyo isina basa uye zvinongedzo zvinovharwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa uye hazvibatanidzwi mukufambiswa kwedata packets. Kana mudziyo wekutumira uripo, port, link ikakundikana, zvichikonzera kuzara kwenetwork, maports emidziyo isina basa uye zvinongedzo zvichavhurwa, kuitira kuti network idzoke pakare. Kudzora uku kunoitwa otomatiki neSpanning Tree Protocol (STP).
Nzira yekubatanidza matanda inoshanda pakati pechikamu chekupinda nechikamu chesink, uye pakati payo pane nzira yekubatanidza matanda inoshanda pabhiriji rega rega rinogoneswa neSTP, iyo yakagadzirirwa kudzivirira kuvharirana kwezvisungo kana paine nzira dzisina kushandiswa. STP inosarudza nzira yakanakisa yedata yekutumira mameseji uye haibvumiri malink asiri chikamu chechikamu chechikamu chemuti, zvichisiya nzira imwe chete inoshanda pakati pema network nodes maviri uye imwe uplink ichavharwa.
STP ine mabhenefiti akawanda: iri nyore, inongobatanidzwa uye inotamba, uye haidi magadzirirwo akawanda. Michina iri mukati mepod yega yega ndeyeVLAN imwechete, saka sevha inogona kutamisa nzvimbo yacho zvisina tsarukano mukati mepod pasina kugadzirisa kero yeIP negedhi.
Zvisinei, nzira dzekufambisa dzakabatana hadzigone kushandiswa neSTP, izvo zvinogara zvichidzima nzira dzisina kudzoserwa mukati meVLAN. Zvakaipa zveSTP:
1. Kubatana zvishoma nezvishoma kwe topology. Kana network topology ikachinja, stranging tree protocol inotora masekondi makumi mashanu kusvika makumi mashanu nemaviri kuti ipedzise topology convergence.
2, haigone kupa basa rekuenzanisa mutoro. Kana paine loop mu network, spanning tree protocol inogona kungovhara loop chete, kuitira kuti link isakwanise kutumira data packets, zvichitambisa network resources.
Kushandiswa kweVirtualization uye Matambudziko Emota Dzekumabvazuva Nekumadokero
Mushure megore ra2010, kuitira kuvandudza mashandisirwo emakombiyuta nemidziyo yekuchengetera, nzvimbo dzedata dzakatanga kushandisa tekinoroji ye virtualization, uye huwandu hwakawanda hwemichina ye virtual hwakatanga kuoneka munetwork. Tekinoroji ye virtual inoshandura sevha kuita maseva akawanda ane logic, VM yega yega inogona kushanda yakazvimirira, ine OS yayo, APP, kero yayo yeMAC yakazvimirira uye kero yeIP, uye zvinobatana kune chinhu chekunze kuburikidza ne virtual switch (vSwitch) mukati mesevha.
Kugadzirisa mashandisirwo emakombiyuta (Virtualization) kune chimwe chinhu chinodiwa: kutamiswa kwema-virtual machines live, kugona kutamisa system yema-virtual machines kubva kune imwe server kuenda kune imwe uku uchichengetedza mashandiro akajairika emasevhisi pa-virtual machines. Maitiro aya haana hanya nevashandisi vekupedzisira, vatungamiriri vanogona kugovera zviwanikwa zveseva nenzira inochinjika, kana kugadzirisa nekuvandudza ma-virtual servers pasina kukanganisa kushandiswa kwakajairika kwevashandisi.
Kuti basa rirege kukanganiswa panguva yekutama, zvinodiwa kuti kwete kero yeIP yemuchina wevirtual chete isachinjwe, asiwo mamiriro ekushanda kwemuchina wevirtual (senge TCP session state) anofanira kuchengetedzwa panguva yekutama, saka kufamba kwemuchina wevirtual kunogona kungoitwa munzvimbo imwechete yelayer 2, asi kwete mukufamba kwelayer 2 domain. Izvi zvinogadzira kudiwa kwemadomain makuru eL2 kubva palayer yekupinda kuenda kucore layer.
Nzvimbo yekuparadzanisa pakati peL2 neL3 muhurongwa hwemazuva ano hwe network layer 2 iri pa core switch, uye data center iri pasi pe core switch inzvimbo yakazara yekubuditsa, kureva network yeL2. Nenzira iyi, inogona kuona kusarongeka kwekuiswa kwemudziyo uye kufamba kwenzvimbo, uye haifanire kugadzirisa marongero eIP ne gateway. Ma network akasiyana eL2 (VLans) anofambiswa kuburikidza nema core switches. Zvisinei, core switch iri pasi pehurongwa uhwu inoda kuchengetedza tafura yakakura yeMAC neARP, iyo inoisa zvinodiwa zvepamusoro zvekugona kwe core switch. Pamusoro pezvo, Access Switch (TOR) inoderedzawo chiyero che network yese. Izvi zvinozopedzisira zvaderedza chiyero che network, kuwedzera kwe network uye kugona kwe elastic, dambudziko rekunonoka muzvikamu zvitatu zvekuronga, hazvigone kusangana nezvinodiwa zvebhizinesi remangwana.
Kune rumwe rutivi, traffic kubva kumabvazuva kuenda kumadokero inounzwa netekinoroji ye virtualization inounzawo matambudziko kune network yechinyakare ine mativi matatu. Traffic yedata centre inogona kukamurwa zvakanyanya muzvikamu zvinotevera:
Trafiki kubva kuchamhembe kuenda kumaodzanyemba:Kufamba kwevanhu vari kunze kwedata center nedata center server, kana kufamba kwevanhu kubva kudata center server kuenda kuInternet.
Trafiki kubva kumabvazuva kuenda kumadokero:Kufamba pakati pemaseva mukati menzvimbo yedata, pamwe nekufamba pakati penzvimbo dzakasiyana dzedata, zvakaita sekudzoreredza njodzi pakati penzvimbo dzedata, kutaurirana pakati pemakore ega ega neeveruzhinji.
Kuunzwa kwetekinoroji ye virtualization kunoita kuti kutumirwa kwemapurogiramu kuwedzere kupararira, uye "mhedzisiro" ndeyekuti traffic kubva kumabvazuva kuenda kumadokero iri kuwedzera.
Magadzirirwo ekare ane matanho matatu anowanzo gadzirirwa vanhu vanofamba netsoka kubva kuNorth-South.Kunyange zvazvo ichigona kushandiswa pakufamba kwevanhu kubva kumabvazuva kuenda kumadokero, inogona kutadza kushanda zvakanaka sezvinodiwa.
Magadzirirwo echinyakare ane matanho matatu echinyakare achipesana neMagadzirirwo eSpine-Leaf
Muhurongwa hwematanho matatu, traffic yekumabvazuva-kumadokero inofanira kutumirwa kuburikidza nemidziyo iri muunganidzwa uye core layers. Inopfuura nema nodes akawanda zvisina kufanira. (Server -> Access -> Aggregation -> Core Switch -> Aggregation -> Access Switch -> Server)
Saka, kana huwandu hwakawanda hwetraffic kubva kumabvazuva kuenda kumadokero huchishandiswa kuburikidza nehurongwa hwenetwork hwematanho matatu, zvishandiso zvakabatana ne switch port imwe chete zvinogona kukwikwidzana nebandwidth, zvichikonzera nguva dzisina kunaka dzekupindura dzinowanikwa nevashandisi vekupedzisira.
Zvakaipa zvekuvaka network yechinyakare ine nhurikidzwa nhatu
Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti dhizaini ye network ine mativi matatu ine zvikanganiso zvakawanda:
Marara ebandwidth:Kudzivirira kutenderera, STP protocol inowanzo shandiswa pakati pe aggregation layer ne access layer, kuitira kuti uplink imwe chete ye access switch inotakura traffic, uye mamwe ma uplink achavharwa, zvichikonzera kutambisa bandwidth.
Dambudziko pakuiswa kwenetwork yakakura:Nekuwedzera kwehukuru hwenetwork, nzvimbo dzedata dzinopararira munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, michina yepamhepo inofanirwa kugadzirwa uye kutamiswa chero kupi, uye hunhu hwayo hwenetwork senge IP addresses nema gateways hahuna kuchinja, izvo zvinoda rutsigiro rwe fat Layer 2. Muchimiro chekare, hapana kutamiswa kunogona kuitwa.
Kushaikwa kwemotokari dzinofamba kubva kuEast-West:Magadzirirwo enetwork ane matanho matatu akagadzirirwa zvakanyanya traffic yekuchamhembe-kumaodzanyemba, kunyangwe ichitsigirawo traffic yekubva kumabvazuva-kumadokero, asi zvikanganiso zviri pachena. Kana traffic yekubva kumabvazuva-kumadokero yakakura, kumanikidzwa pa switch ye aggregation layer ne core layer kuchawedzera zvakanyanya, uye saizi yenetwork nekushanda kwayo zvichagumira kune aggregation layer ne core layer.
Izvi zvinoita kuti mabhizinesi awire mudambudziko remutengo uye kukura:Kutsigira network hombe dzinoshanda zvakanaka kunoda huwandu hwakawanda hwezvishandiso zve convergence layer ne core layer, izvo zvisingangoiti kuti mabhizinesi adhure chete, asiwo zvinoda kuti network irongwe pachine nguva pakuvaka network. Kana network scale iri diki, zvichakonzera kutambisa zviwanikwa, uye kana network scale ikaramba ichikura, zvinonetsa kuwedzera.
Magadzirirwo eNetwork yeSpine-Leaf
Chii chinonzi dhizaini yeSpine-Leaf network?
Mukupindura matambudziko ari pamusoro apa,dhizaini itsva yedata center, Spine-Leaf network architecture, yabuda, inova ndiyo yatinodaidza kuti leaf ridge network.
Sezvinoratidzwa nezita racho, magadzirirwo acho ane Spine layer neLeaf layer, kusanganisira spine switches ne leaf switches.
Magadzirirwo eSpine-Leaf
Chinongedzo cheshizha chimwe nechimwe chakabatana ne switch dzese dze ridge, idzo dzisina kubatana zvakananga, zvichiita kuti pave ne full-mesh topology.
Mukati memusana nemashizha, kubatana kubva kune imwe Server kuenda kune imwe kunopfuura nepakati pehuwandu hwezvishandiso zvakafanana (Server -> Leaf -> Spine Switch -> Leaf Switch -> Server), izvo zvinoita kuti pave nekunonoka kunogoneka. Nekuti packet inongoda kupfuura nemusana mumwe chete nerimwe shizha kuti isvike kwairi kuenda.
Spine-Leaf inoshanda sei?
Leaf Switch: Yakaenzana ne access switch muchimiro chetsika chetatu-tier uye inobatanidza zvakananga kune physical server seTOR (Top Of Rack). Musiyano ne access switch ndewekuti demarcation point yeL2/L3 network yava paLeaf switch. Leaf switch iri pamusoro pe 3-layer network, uye Leaf switch iri pasi pe independent L2 broadcast domain, izvo zvinogadzirisa dambudziko reBUM re 2-layer network hombe. Kana ma Leaf server maviri achida kutaurirana, anofanira kushandisa L3 routing uye kuitumira kuburikidza neSpine switch.
Spine Switch: Yakaenzana ne core switch. ECMP (Equal Cost Multi Path) inoshandiswa kusarudza nzira dzakawanda pakati peSpine neLeaf switches. Musiyano ndewekuti Spine ikozvino inongopa network yakasimba yeL3 routing yeLeaf switch, saka traffic yenzvimbo yedata inogona kutumirwa kubva kuSpine switch pane kuti iendeswe zvakananga. Trafiki yekuchamhembe-kumaodzanyemba inogona kutumirwa kubva ku edge switch yakafanana neLeaf switch kuenda kuWAN router.
Kuenzanisa pakati pekuvakwa kweSpine/Leaf network uye kugadzirwa kwenetwork yetsika nhatu
Mabhenefiti eSpine-Shift
Furati:Dhizaini yakatsetseka inopfupisa nzira yekutaurirana pakati pemaseva, zvichikonzera kunonoka kushoma, izvo zvinogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya mashandiro ekushandisa uye sevhisi.
Kukwanisa kukura zvakanaka:Kana bandwidth isina kukwana, kuwedzera huwandu hwema ridge switches kunogona kuwedzera bandwidth yakatwasuka. Kana huwandu hwemaseva hukawedzera, tinogona kuwedzera leaf switches kana huwandu hweport husina kukwana.
Kuderedzwa kwemutengo: Kufamba kwemotokari kuenda kuchamhembe nekumaodzanyemba, kungave kubuda kubva pamapfundo emashizha kana kubuda kubva pamapfundo emakomo. Kuyerera kwemvura kubva kumabvazuva kuenda kumadokero, kwakapararira munzira dzakawanda. Nenzira iyi, network yemapato emakomo inogona kushandisa maswichi ekugadzirisa akagadziriswa pasina kudiwa kwemaswichi anodhura, uye yobva yaderedza mutengo.
Kunonoka Kushoma uye Kudzivirira Kuzara Kwemuviri:Kufamba kwedata muLeaf ridge network kune nhamba yakafanana yekusvetuka-svetuka panetwork zvisinei nekwakabva uye kwainoenda, uye chero maseva maviri Leaf - >Spine - >Leaf matatu-hop anogona kusvikwa kubva kune mumwe nemumwe. Izvi zvinogadzira nzira yakatwasuka yekufambisa, iyo inovandudza mashandiro uye inoderedza zvipingamupinyi.
Kuchengetedzwa Kwakanyanya uye Kuwanikwa Kwazvo:Nzira yeSTP inoshandiswa muhurongwa hwema network hune matanho matatu, uye kana mudziyo ukakundikana, unodzokerana, zvichikanganisa mashandiro e network kana kutokundikana. Muhurongwa hwema leaf-ridge, kana mudziyo ukakundikana, hapana chikonzero chekudzokana, uye traffic inoramba ichipfuura nedzimwe nzira dzakajairika. Kubatana kwe network hakukanganisike, uye bandwidth inongoderedzwa nenzira imwe chete, pasina kukanganisa kushanda kwayo.
Kuenzanisa mutoro kuburikidza neECMP kwakakodzera nzvimbo dzinoshandiswa mapuratifomu ekutarisira network akadai seSDN. SDN inobvumira kurerutsa marongero, manejimendi uye kudzoreredza traffic kana paine kuvharika kana link ikatadza kushanda, zvichiita kuti load balancing full mesh topology ive nzira iri nyore yekugadzirisa nekugadzirisa.
Zvisinei, magadzirirwo eSpine-Leaf ane zvimwe zvipingamupinyi:
Chimwe chakashata ndechekuti huwandu hwemaswitch hunowedzera saizi yenetwork. Nzvimbo yedata ye leaf ridge network architecture inofanirwa kuwedzera maswitch nemidziyo yenetwork zvichienderana nehuwandu hwevatengi. Sezvo huwandu hwemahost huchiwedzera, huwandu hwakawanda hwemaswitch e leaf hunodiwa kuti huenderane ne ridge switch.
Kubatana kwakananga kwe ridge ne leaf switches kunoda kuenderana, uye kazhinji, chiyero chebandwidth chinonzwisisika pakati pe leaf ne ridge switches hachifanirwe kudarika 3:1.
Semuenzaniso, kune ma client e 48 10Gbps rate pa leaf switch ane huwandu hwe port hunosvika 480Gb/s. Kana ma 40G uplink ports e leaf switch imwe neimwe akabatana ne 40G ridge switch, ichave ne uplink capacity ye 160Gb/s. Chiyero chacho i 480:160, kana 3:1. Data centre uplinks inowanzova 40G kana 100G uye inogona kutamiswa nekufamba kwenguva kubva panzvimbo yekutanga ye 40G (Nx 40G) kuenda ku 100G (Nx 100G). Zvakakosha kuziva kuti uplink inofanira kumhanya nekukurumidza kupfuura downlink kuitira kuti isavhare port link.
Manetwork eSpine-Leaf ane zvinodiwawo zvekubatanidza waya zvakajeka. Nekuti node yega yega yemashizha inofanira kubatanidzwa kune switch yega yega yespine, tinofanira kuisa tambo dzakawanda dzemhangura kana fiber optic. Kureba kwekubatanidza kunokwidza mutengo. Zvichienderana nedaro riri pakati pemaswitch akabatana, huwandu hwemamodule epamusoro anodiwa neSpine-Leaf architecture hwakapetwa kagumi kupfuura hwemagadzirirwo echinyakare etatu-tier, izvo zvinowedzera mutengo wekutumira. Zvisinei, izvi zvakakonzera kukura kwemusika we optical module, kunyanya kumamodule e optical anomhanya zvakanyanya akadai se100G ne400G.
Nguva yekutumira: Ndira-26-2026
