1. Pfungwa yeData Masking
Kuvhara data kunozivikanwawo sekuchengetedza data. Inzira yehunyanzvi yekushandura, kugadzirisa kana kufukidza data rakakosha senge nhamba yefoni, nhamba yekadhi rebhangi uye rumwe ruzivo kana tambopa mitemo nemaitiro ekuchengetedza data. Iyi nzira inonyanya kushandiswa kudzivirira data rakakosha kuti risashandiswe zvakananga munzvimbo dzisina kuvimbika.
Nheyo yeData Masking: Data masking inofanira kuchengetedza hunhu hwepakutanga hwedata, mitemo yebhizinesi, uye kukosha kwedata kuitira kuti kuvandudzwa, kuyedzwa, uye kuongororwa kwedata kusakanganiswa ne masking. Ita shuwa kuti data rinogara riripo uye kuti harina dambudziko ne masking isati yaitwa uye mushure me masking.
2. Kurongwa kweData Masking
Kuvhara data kunogona kukamurwa kuita static data masking (SDM) uye dynamic data masking (DDM).
Kuvhara data rakamira (SDM): Kuvhara data risingachinji kunoda kuti pave nedhatabhesi itsva yenzvimbo isina kugadzirwa kuti iparadzaniswe nenzvimbo yekugadzira. Data rinonzwisisika rinotorwa kubva kudhatabhesi rekugadzira robva rachengetwa mudhatabhesi risingagadzirwa. Nenzira iyi, data risina kunzwisiswa rinoparadzaniswa nenzvimbo yekugadzira, izvo zvinosangana nezvinodiwa nebhizinesi uye zvinovimbisa kuchengetedzeka kwedata rekugadzira.
Kuvhara dhata rine simba (DDM): Inowanzo shandiswa munzvimbo yekugadzira kubvisa ruzivo rwakavanzika munguva chaiyo. Dzimwe nguva, mazinga akasiyana ekuvhara anodiwa kuti uverenge ruzivo rwakafanana rwakavanzika mumamiriro akasiyana. Semuenzaniso, mabasa akasiyana uye mvumo zvinogona kuita zvirongwa zvakasiyana zvekuvhara.
Kushuma data uye application yekuvhara zvigadzirwa zvedata
Zviitiko zvakadaro zvinosanganisira zvigadzirwa zvemukati zvekutarisa data kana zvikwangwani, zvigadzirwa zvekunze zvedata rebasa, uye mishumo yakavakirwa pakuongorora data, zvakaita semishumo yebhizinesi nekuongorora mapurojekiti.
3. Mhinduro yekuvhara data
Zvirongwa zvakajairika zvekuvhara data zvinosanganisira: kusashanda, kukosha kusingatarisirwi, kutsiva data, encryption yakaenzana, kukosha kwepakati, offset uye rounding, nezvimwewo.
Kusashanda: Kusashanda zvinoreva kuvharwa kwedata rakavanzika, kudimburwa, kana kuvigwa kwedata rakavanzika. Chirongwa ichi chinowanzo tsiva data chairo nezviratidzo zvakakosha (senge *). Kushanda kwacho kuri nyore, asi vashandisi havagone kuziva fomati yedata rekutanga, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa mashandisirwo edata anotevera.
Kukosha Kusina Kurongwa: Kukosha kwekusarongeka kunoreva kutsiva data rakavanzika zvisina kurongeka (nhamba dzinotsiva manhamba, mabhii anotsiva mabhii, uye mavara anotsiva mavara). Iyi nzira yekufukidza ichaita kuti data rakavanzika rive nechimiro chakati uye iite kuti data rishandiswezve. Kufukidza maduramazwi kunogona kudiwa kune mamwe mazwi ane revo, akadai semazita evanhu nenzvimbo.
Kutsiva Data: Kutsiva data kwakafanana nekuvhara null uye random values, kunze kwekuti pachinzvimbo chekushandisa mavara akakosha kana random values, masking data inotsiviwa ne specific values.
Kuvharidzira Kwakafanana: Symmetric encryption inzira yakakosha yekuvhara data. Inochengetedza data rakavanzika kuburikidza nemakiyi e encryption uye ma algorithms. Mafomati e ciphertext anoenderana nedata rekutanga mumitemo ine musoro.
Avhareji: Avhareji yehuwandu hwedata inowanzo shandiswa muzviitiko zvehuwandu hwedata. Padata renhamba, tinotanga taverenga avhareji yaro, tobva tagovera zvisina kurongeka mavalues asina ruzivo rwakakomberedza avhareji, nokudaro tichichengeta huwandu hwedata hwacho huchigara huripo.
Kukanganisa uye Kutenderera: Nzira iyi inoshandura data redhijitari nekuchinja kwakasarudzika. Kutenderera kwe offset kunovimbisa huchokwadi hwehuwandu ukuwo kuchichengetedza kuchengetedzeka kwedata, iro riri pedyo nedata chairo kupfuura zvirongwa zvekare, uye rine kukosha kukuru muchiitiko chekuongorora data guru.
Muenzaniso Unokurudzirwa "ML-NPB-5660"yeData Masking
4. Matekiniki eData Masking anoshandiswa zvakanyanya
(1). Maitiro ekuverenga nhamba
Kuongororwa kwedata uye kuunganidzwa kwedata
- Kuongororwa kwedata: Kuongorora nekuongorora data rekutanga nekusarudza chikamu chinomiririra data inzira yakakosha yekuvandudza kushanda kwenzira dzekubvisa ruzivo.
- Kuunganidzwa kwedata: Semuunganidzwa wematekiniki ehuwandu hwehuwandu hwedata (akadai sekusanganisa, kuverenga, avhareji, huwandu hwepamusoro uye hushoma) anoshandiswa kune hunhu huri mu microdata, mhedzisiro yacho inomiririra zvinyorwa zvese zviri mu data rekutanga.
(2). Kudhirowa kwemashoko ekare (Cryptography)
Kunyora mabhii (cryptography) inzira yakajairika yekuderedza kana kuwedzera kushanda kwekubvisa kusanzwa. Mhando dzakasiyana dzemaalgorithms ekunyora mabhii dzinogona kuita mhedzisiro dzakasiyana dzekubvisa kusanzwa.
- Deterministic encryption: Kuvharidzira kusina kurongeka. Kazhinji kacho kunogadzirisa data reID uye kunogona kubvisa zvinyorwa zvecipher kuID yekutanga kana zvichidikanwa, asi kiyi yacho inofanira kuchengetedzwa zvakanaka.
- Kuvharidzira kusingadzoreki: Basa re hash rinoshandiswa kugadzirisa data, iro rinowanzo shandiswa kune data reID. Harigone kubviswa zvakananga uye hukama hwemapping hunofanira kuchengetedzwa. Pamusoro pezvo, nekuda kwehunhu hwebasa re hash, kugongana kwedata kunogona kuitika.
- Homomorphic encryption: Iyo ciphertext homomorphic algorithm inoshandiswa. Hunhu hwayo ndehwekuti mhedzisiro yekushanda kweciphertext yakafanana neyekushanda kwemavara asina kunyorwa mushure mekubvisa manyorerwo. Saka, inowanzoshandiswa kugadzirisa minda yenhamba, asi hainyanyo shandiswa nekuda kwezvikonzero zvekushanda.
(3). Tekinoroji yeSisitimu
Tekinoroji yekudzvanya inobvisa kana kudzivirira zvinhu zvedata zvisingakwanise kuchengetedzwa kwekuchengetedzwa kwepachivande, asi haizviburitse.
- Kuvhara: zvinoreva nzira inowanzo shandiswa yekubvisa ruzivo rwemunhu, senge nhamba yemupikisi, kadhi reID rine chiratidzo chenyeredzi, kana kuti kero yacho inodimburwa.
- Kudzvinyirirwa kwenzvimbo: zvinoreva maitiro ekubvisa hunhu hwakati (makoramu), kubvisa minda yedata isiri yakakosha;
- Kudzikisa zvinyorwa: zvinoreva maitiro ekudzima zvinyorwa zvakananga (mitsara), kubvisa zvinyorwa zvedata zvisiri zvakakosha.
(4). Tekinoroji yekunyepedzera
Kunyora zita rekuti "pseudomanning" inzira yekubvisa zita rekuti "direct identification" inoshandisa zita rekuti "mother" kutsiva zita rekuti "direct identifier" (kana chimwe chiratidzo chinonzwisisika). Nzira dzekunyora zita rekuti "pseudonym" dzinogadzira zviratidzo zvakasiyana zvemunhu wega wega ane ruzivo, pachinzvimbo chezviratidzo zvakananga kana zvinonzwisisika.
- Inogona kugadzira zvinhu zvisina kurongeka yakazvimirira kuti ienderane neID yekutanga, kuchengetedza tafura yemepu, uye kudzora zvakanyanya mukana wekupinda patafura yemepu.
- Unogona zvakare kushandisa encryption kugadzira mazita ekunyepedzera, asi unofanirwa kuchengetedza kiyi ye decryption nemazvo;
Tekinoroji iyi inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kana paine vanhu vakawanda vanoshandisa data vakazvimiririra, vakaita seOpenID muchikamu chepuratifomu chakavhurika, uko vagadziri vakasiyana vanowana maOpenids akasiyana emushandisi mumwe chete.
(5). Maitiro Ekubatanidza Zvinhu
Nzira yekubatanidza zvinoreva nzira yekubvisa ruzivo inoderedza huwandu hwezvinhu zvakasarudzwa mudata uye inopa tsananguro yakajairika uye isina kujeka yedata. Tekinoroji yekubatanidza data iri nyore kushandisa uye inogona kuchengetedza chokwadi chedata repamusoro-soro. Inowanzoshandiswa muzvigadzirwa zvedata kana mishumo yedata.
- Kutenderera: kunosanganisira kusarudza hwaro hwekutenderera hwehunhu hwakasarudzwa, senge kuongorora kwepamusoro kana pasi, zvichipa mhedzisiro 100, 500, 1K, uye 10K
- Matekiniki ekunyora makodhi epamusoro nepazasi: Tsiva manhamba ari pamusoro (kana pasi) pemuganho nemuganho unomiririra nhanho yepamusoro (kana pasi), zvichiburitsa mhedzisiro ye "pamusoro paX" kana "pasi paX"
(6). Maitiro Ekuita Zvinhu Zvisina Kurongeka
Senzira yekubvisa ruzivo, tekinoroji ye randomization inoreva kuchinja kukosha kwechinhu kuburikidza ne randomization, kuitira kuti kukosha mushure me randomization kuve kwakasiyana nekwaive kwakakosha pakutanga. Maitiro aya anoderedza kugona kwemurwisi kuwana kukosha kwechinhu kubva kune mamwe maitiro ari murekodhi imwechete yedata, asi anokanganisa huchokwadi hwedata rinobuda, iro rinowanzoonekwa nedata rekuyedza kugadzirwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Gunyana-27-2022
