Muzera ranhasi redhijitari, kuchengetedzeka kwenetiweki kwave nyaya yakakosha iyo mabhizinesi nevanhu vanofanirwa kutarisana nayo. Nekuenderera mberi kwekushanduka kwekurwiswa kwenetiweki, matanho ekuchengetedza echinyakare ave asina kukwana. Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, Intrusion Detection System (IDS) uye intrusion Prevention system (IPS) inobuda sezvinodiwa neThe Times, uye vanova vachengeti vakuru vaviri mumunda wekuchengetedza network. Anogona kunge akafanana, asi akasiyana zvakanyanya mukushanda uye kushandiswa. Ichi chinyorwa chinotora kunyura kwakadzama mumisiyano pakati peIDS neIPS, uye inokanganisa vachengeti vaviri ava vekuchengetedza network.
IDS: Iyo Scout yeNetwork Security
1. Basic Concepts yeIDS Intrusion Detection System (IDS)ndeye network yekuchengetedza mudziyo kana software application yakagadzirirwa kutarisa network traffic uye kuona zvinogona kuita zvakaipa kana kutyorwa. Nekuongorora mapaketi etiweki, mafaira elogi uye rumwe ruzivo, IDS inozivisa traffic isina kujairika uye inozivisa vatariri kuti vatore matanho anoenderana. Funga nezveIDS seanoteerera scout anoona mafambiro ese ari munetwork. Kana paine maitiro ekufungira munetiweki, IDS ichave nguva yekutanga kuona uye kuburitsa yambiro, asi haitore danho rinoshanda. Basa rayo ndere "kuwana matambudziko," kwete "kugadzirisa."
2. Mashandiro anoita IDS Mashandiro eIDS anonyanya kutsamira pamaitiro anotevera:
Kuonekwa kweSiginicha:IDS ine dhatabhesi hombe yemasiginecha ane masiginecha ekurwiswa kunozivikanwa. IDS inosimudza yambiro kana network traffic inoenderana siginecha mudhatabhesi. Izvi zvakafanana nemapurisa anoshandisa dhatabhesi yezvigunwe kuona vanofungidzirwa, inoshanda asi zvinoenderana neruzivo rwunozivikanwa.
Anomaly Kuonekwa:Iyo IDS inodzidza maitiro akajairwa etiweki, uye kana yangowana traffic inotsauka kubva pane yakajairika pateni, inoitora sechinhu chingango tyisidzira. Semuyenzaniso, kana komputa yemushandi ikangoerekana yatumira data rakawanda pakati pehusiku, IDS inogona kuratidza maitiro asina kunaka. Izvi zvakafanana nomurindiri ane ruzivo rwokuzviwanira anoziva zvinoitika zvezuva nezuva munharaunda uye achasvinurira kana zvaonekwa kuti pane zvakaipa.
Protocol Analysis:IDS ichaita ongororo yakadzama yemaprotocol etiweki kuti ione kana paine kutyorwa kana kushandiswa kweprotocol. Semuenzaniso, kana iyo protocol fomati yeimwe pakiti isingaenderane neyakajairwa, IDS inogona kuiona senge inogona kurwisa.
3. Zvakanakira uye Zvakaipa
IDS Zvakanakira:
Real-time monitoring:IDS inogona kutarisa network traffic munguva chaiyo kuti uwane kutyisidzira kwekuchengetedza munguva. Semumiriri asina kurara, gara uchichengetedza kuchengetedzwa kwetiweki.
Kuchinjika:IDS inogona kuiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzetiweki, senge miganhu, mukati metiweki, nezvimwewo, ichipa akawanda mazinga ekudzivirira. Kungave kurwiswa kwekunze kana kutyisidzira kwemukati, IDS inogona kuzviona.
Kutema chiitiko:IDS inogona kurekodha yakadzama netiweki chiitiko matanda epost-mortem kuongororwa uye forensics. Zvakafanana nemunyori akatendeka anochengeta rekodhi yezvese zvakadzama mumambure.
IDS Zvakaipa:
Mwero wepamusoro wezvinyorwa zvenhema:Sezvo IDS ichitsamira pamasiginicha uye nekuonekwa kusinganzwisisike, zvinokwanisika kufungira zvisirizvo traffic yakajairwa sekuita kwakashata, zvichitungamira kune manyepo. Semuchengetedzi ane hutsinye angafungidzire mbavha.
Hatikwanisi kudzivirira zvakasimba:IDS inongoona uye kusimudza chenjedzo, asi haigone kuvharisa zvine hutsinye traffic. Manual kupindira nevatungamiri kunodiwawo kana dambudziko rawanikwa, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira kunguva refu yekupindura.
Resource kushandiswa:IDS inoda kuongorora huwandu hukuru hwetiweki traffic, iyo inogona kutora yakawanda sisitimu zviwanikwa, kunyanya munzvimbo yakakwira traffic.
IPS: Iyo "Defender" yeNetwork Security
1. Pfungwa huru yeIPS Intrusion Prevention System (IPS)chishandiso chekuchengetedza network kana software application yakagadziridzwa pahwaro hweIDS. Haikwanise kuona zviitiko zvakashata chete, asiwo kudzivirira munguva chaiyo uye kudzivirira network kubva pakurwiswa. Kana IDS iri scout, IPS mugadhi akashinga. Haikwanise kuona muvengi chete, asiwo tora danho rekumisa kurwisa kwemuvengi. Chinangwa cheIPS ndecheku "tsvaga matambudziko nekuagadzirisa" kuchengetedza kuchengetedzwa kwetiweki kuburikidza nekupindira chaiko-nguva.
2. Mashandiro eIPS
Zvichienderana nebasa rekuona reIDS, IPS inowedzera nzira yekudzivirira inotevera:
Kuvharisa traffic:Kana IPS yaona traffic yakaipa, inogona kuvharisa iyi traffic kuti idzivirire kuti isapinda kunetiweki. Semuyenzaniso, kana packet rikawanikwa ichiedza kushandisa ngozi inozivikanwa, IPS inongoidonhedza.
Session kugumiswa:IPS inogona kumisa musangano pakati peaiti ane hutsinye uye kugura chinongedzo cheanorwisa. Semuyenzaniso, kana IPS ikaona kuti bruteforce attack irikuitwa pa IP address, inongobvisa kutaurirana ne IP iyoyo.
Sefa yemukati:IPS inogona kuita kusefa zvirimo panetiweki traffic kuvharidzira kutapurirana kwekodhi yakaipa kana data. Semuenzaniso, kana email yakanamatira ikawanikwa iine malware, IPS inovhara kutapurirana kweiyo email.
IPS inoshanda semusuwo, kwete kungoona vanhu vanofungira, asiwo kuvadzinga. Inokurumidza kupindura uye inogona kubvisa kutyisidzira kusati kwapararira.
3. Zvakanakira nekuipira kweIPS
IPS Zvakanakira:
Proactive defense:IPS inogona kudzivirira hutsinye traffic munguva chaiyo uye zvino chengetedza kuchengetedza network. Zvakafanana nomurindi akanyatsodzidziswa, anokwanisa kudzinga vavengi vasati vasvika pedyo.
Otomatiki mhinduro:IPS inogona kuita otomatiki mitemo yekudzivirira yakatemerwa, ichidzikisa mutoro kune maneja. Semuyenzaniso, kana DDoS kurwisa kwaonekwa, IPS inogona kudzora otomatiki traffic yakabatana.
Kudzivirirwa kwakadzama:IPS inogona kushanda nemafirewall, magedhi ekuchengetedza uye mamwe maturusi kuti ape yakadzika nhanho yekudzivirira. Haisi kungodzivirira muganhu wetiweki, asiwo inodzivirira mukati mezvinhu zvakakosha.
IPS Zvakaipa:
Nhema yekuvhara Ngozi:IPS inogona kuvharisa traffic yakajairika nekukanganisa, zvichikanganisa kushanda kwakajairika kwetiweki. Semuyenzaniso, kana traffic yepamutemo ikanzi ine hutsinye, inogona kukonzera kudzimwa kwesevhisi.
Performance impact:IPS inoda ongororo chaiyo-nguva uye kugadziriswa kwetiweki traffic, iyo inogona kuve nemhedzisiro pakuita kwetiweki. Kunyanya munzvimbo yepamusoro yetraffic, zvinogona kukonzera kunonoka.
Complex configuration:Kugadziriswa uye kugadzirisa kweIPS kwakaoma uye kunoda vashandi vehunyanzvi kuti vatarise. Kana isina kurongeka zvakanaka, inogona kutungamira kune isina kunaka kudzivirira maitiro kana kuwedzera dambudziko rekuvharira kwenhema.
Musiyano uripo pakati peIDS neIPS
Kunyangwe IDS neIPS vachingove nemusiyano wezwi rimwe chete muzita, vane misiyano yakakosha mukushanda nekushandisa. Heino misiyano mikuru pakati peIDS neIPS:
1. Kushanda chinzvimbo
IDS: Inonyanya kushandiswa kutarisa uye kuona kutyisidzira kwekuchengetedza munetiweki, inova yekuzvidzivirira. Inoita semusiki, inoridza mhere kana ikaona muvengi, asi isingatangi kurwisa.
IPS: Iyo inoshanda yekudzivirira basa inowedzerwa kuIDS, iyo inogona kuvharira yakashata traffic munguva chaiyo. Zvakafanana nemurindi, kwete chete anogona kuona muvengi, asiwo anogona kuvadzivirira kunze.
2. Maitiro ekupindura
IDS: Nyevero dzinopihwa mushure mekutyisidzira kwaonekwa, zvinoda kupindira kwemanyorero nemutungamiriri. Zvakafanana nomurindi anoona muvengi uye anoudza vakuru vake, achimirira mirayiridzo.
IPS: Mazano ekudzivirira anongoitwa otomatiki mushure mekutyisidzira kwaonekwa pasina kupindira kwevanhu. Zvakafanana nomurindi anoona muvengi obva amurova.
3. Nzvimbo dzekutumira
IDS: Kazhinji inoiswa munzvimbo inodarika yetiweki uye haina kukanganisa zvakananga network traffic. Basa rayo nderekucherekedza nekunyora, uye harizokanganise kurukurirano yakajairika.
IPS: Kazhinji inoiswa panzvimbo yepamhepo yetiweki, inobata network traffic zvakananga. Inoda ongororo yenguva chaiyo uye kupindira kwetraffic, saka inoshanda zvakanyanya.
4. Ngozi yenhema alarm / nhema block
IDS: Nhema dzenhema hadzikanganisi zvakananga mashandiro etiweki, asi dzinogona kukonzera vatungamiriri kunetseka. Kufanana nemumiriri akanyanyisa, unogona kuridza maalarm kakawanda uye kuwedzera basa rako.
IPS: Kuvharira kwenhema kunogona kukonzera kukanganisa sevhisi uye kukanganisa kuwanikwa kwetiweki. Zvakafanana nomurindi ane hasha uye anogona kukuvadza mauto ane ushamwari.
5. Shandisa zviitiko
IDS: Inokodzera zviitiko zvinoda kuongororwa kwakadzama uye kutariswa kwezviitwa zvetiweki, sekuongorora kuchengetedza, mhinduro yezviitiko, nezvimwe. Semuyenzaniso, bhizinesi rinogona kushandisa IDS kutarisa maitiro evashandi padandemutande uye kuona pakaputswa data.
IPS: Inokodzera mamiriro ezvinhu anoda kuchengetedza network kubva pakurwiswa munguva chaiyo, sekudzivirira kwemuganhu, kuchengetedzwa kwesevhisi yakakosha, etc. Semuyenzaniso, bhizinesi rinogona kushandisa IPS kudzivirira varwi vekunze kuti vasapaze network yayo.
Kushanda kushandisa IDS uye IPS
Kuti tinzwisise zviri nani musiyano uripo pakati peIDS neIPS, tinogona kuenzanisira inotevera inoshanda mamiriro ekushandisa:
1. Enterprise network kuchengetedza kuchengetedza Munetiweki yebhizinesi, IDS inogona kuiswa mune yemukati network kuti itarise maitiro epamhepo evashandi uye kuona kana paine zvisiri pamutemo kupinda kana kuburitswa kwedata. Semuenzaniso, kana komputa yemushandi ikawanikwa ichipinda webhusaiti ine hutsinye, IDS inosimudza chenjedzo uye kuzivisa maneja kuti aongorore.
IPS, kune rumwe rutivi, inogona kuiswa pamuganho wetiweki kudzivirira varwisi vekunze kuti vapinde nechisimba kune network yebhizinesi. Semuenzaniso, kana IP kero ikaonekwa kuti iri pasi peSQL jekiseni kurwisa, IPS inovhara zvakananga IP traffic kuchengetedza chengetedzo yebhizinesi dhatabhesi.
2. Data Center Chengetedzo Munzvimbo dzedata, IDS inogona kushandiswa kutarisa traffic pakati pemaseva kuti aone kuvepo kweabnormal communication kana malware. Semuyenzaniso, kana sevha iri kutumira huwandu hukuru hwe data inonyumwira kune kunze kwenyika, IDS icharatidza maitiro asina kujairika uye yazivisa maneja kuti aiongorore.
IPS, kune rumwe rutivi, inogona kuiswa pamusuwo wenzvimbo dze data kuvharira DDoS kurwiswa, SQL jekiseni uye imwe hutsinye traffic. Semuenzaniso, kana tikaona kuti DDoS kurwiswa kuri kuyedza kudzikisa nzvimbo yedata, IPS inozodzikamisa traffic yakabatana kuti ive nechokwadi chekushanda kwesevhisi.
3. Cloud Security Munharaunda yegore, IDS inogona kushandiswa kutarisa kushandiswa kwemasevhisi egore uye kuona kana pane kupinda kusina mvumo kana kushandiswa zvisina kunaka kwezvinhu. Semuenzaniso, kana mushandisi ari kuyedza kuwana zviwanikwa zvegore zvisina mvumo, IDS inosimudza yambiro uye kunyevera maneja kuti atore matanho.
IPS, kune rumwe rutivi, inogona kuiswa kumucheto kwegore network kuchengetedza makore masevhisi kubva kukurwisa kwekunze. Semuenzaniso, kana IP kero ikaonekwa kuti itange brute force kurwisa pane gore sevhisi, iyo IPS inobvisa zvakananga kubva kuIP kuchengetedza chengetedzo yegore sevhisi.
Kudyidzana kwekushandisa kweIDS uye IPS
Mukuita, IDS uye IPS haipo yakazvimiririra, asi inogona kushanda pamwe chete kuti ipe yakazara yakazara network kuchengetedza kuchengetedza. Semuyenzaniso:
IDS semubatsiri kune IPS:IDS inogona kupa yakawanda yakadzama traffic traffic uye kutema zviitiko kubatsira IPS zvirinani kuziva uye kuvhara kutyisidzira. Semuyenzaniso, iyo IDS inogona kuona yakavanzika maitiro ekurwisa kuburikidza nekutarisa kwenguva refu, uye yozodyisa ruzivo urwu kuIPS kuti ikwidze nzira yayo yekudzivirira.
IPS inoshanda semuiti weIDS:Mushure mekunge IDS yaona kutyisidzira, inogona kukonzeresa IPS kuti iite inowirirana nzira yekudzivirira kuti iwane mhinduro yega. Semuenzaniso, kana IDS ikaona kuti IP kero iri kutariswa zvine hutsinye, inogona kuzivisa IPS kuti ivhare traffic zvakananga kubva kuIP iyoyo.
Nekusanganisa IDS neIPS, mabhizinesi nemasangano anogona kuvaka yakawedzera yakasimba network kuchengetedza chengetedzo system kuti inyatso kurwisa kwakasiyana kutyisidzira kwenetiweki. IDS ine basa rekutsvaga dambudziko, IPS ine basa rekugadzirisa dambudziko, izvo zviviri zvinopindirana, uye hazvirahwe.
Tsvaga zvakaruramaNetwork Packet Brokerkushanda neIDS yako (Intrusion Detection System)
Tsvaga zvakaruramaInline Bypass Tap Switchkushanda ne IPS yako (Intrusion Prevention System)
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-23-2025
