Munguva yemazuva ano yedhijitari, kuchengetedzeka kwenetiweki kwave nyaya yakakosha iyo mabhizinesi nevanhu pachavo vanofanira kutarisana nayo. Nekushanduka kuri kuramba kuchiita kurwiswa kwenetiweki, matanho ekuchengetedza echinyakare ave asina kukwana. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, Intrusion Detection System (IDS) uye intrusion Prevention system (IPS) zvinobuda sezvinoda The Times, uye zvinova vatariri vaviri vakuru mumunda wekuchengetedzwa kwenetiweki. Vanogona kuita sevakafanana, asi vakasiyana zvikuru mukushanda uye mashandisirwo. Chinyorwa chino chinoongorora musiyano uripo pakati peIDS neIPS, uye chinoburitsa pachena kuti vatariri vaviri ava vekuchengetedzwa kwenetiweki havazivikanwi.
IDS: Scout weNetwork Security
1. Pfungwa Dzinokosha dzeSisitimu Yekuona Kupinda kweIDS (IDS)chishandiso chekuchengetedza network kana software chakagadzirirwa kutarisa traffic yenetwork uye kuona mabasa ane hukasha kana kutyorwa kwemitemo. Nekuongorora mapaketi enetwork, mafaira elog nerumwe ruzivo, IDS inoona traffic isina kujairika uye inozivisa vatariri kuti vatore matanho anoenderana. Funga nezveIDS semuongorori anonyatsoteerera anotarisa mafambiro ese ari munetwork. Kana paine maitiro anofungidzirwa munetwork, IDS ichave nguva yekutanga kuona nekupa yambiro, asi haizotore matanho anoshanda. Basa rayo ndere "kutsvaga matambudziko," kwete "kuagadzirisa."
2. Mashandiro anoita IDS Mashandiro anoita IDS anonyanya kuenderana nematekiniki anotevera:
Kuwanikwa kweSiginicha:IDS ine dhatabhesi hombe yemasaini ane masiginecha ekurwiswa kunozivikanwa. IDS inozivisa kana network traffic ikasangana nesiginecha mudhatabhesi. Izvi zvakafanana nemapurisa achishandisa dhatabhesi yeminwe kuti aone vanhu vanofungidzirwa kuti vari kupomerwa, inoshanda zvakanaka asi ichivimba neruzivo rwunozivikanwa.
Kuonekwa kweAnomaly:IDS inodzidza maitiro akajairika enetwork, uye kana yangowana traffic inotsauka kubva pane yakajairika, inoitora senjodzi inogona kuitika. Semuenzaniso, kana komputa yemushandi ikangoerekana yatumira data rakawanda husiku, IDS inogona kuratidza maitiro asina kujairika. Izvi zvakafanana nemurindi ane ruzivo anoziva mabasa ezuva nezuva emunharaunda uye achangwarira kana zvinhu zvisina kujairika zvaonekwa.
Kuongorora Maitiro Ekushandisa:IDS ichaita ongororo yakadzama yemaprotocol enetwork kuti ione kana paine kutyorwa kwemitemo kana kushandiswa kweprotocol zvisina kujairika. Semuenzaniso, kana fomati yeprotocol yeimwe packet isingaenderane nemutemo, IDS inogona kuiona senzira yekurwiswa.
3. Zvakanakira Nezvakaipa
Zvakanakira zveIDS:
Kutarisa kwenguva chaiyo:IDS inogona kutarisa traffic yenetwork panguva chaiyo kuti iwane njodzi dzekuchengetedza nenguva. Kufanana nemurindi asingarari, gara uchichengetedza kuchengetedzwa kwenetwork.
Kuchinjika:IDS inogona kuiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzenetwork, dzakadai semiganhu, network dzemukati, nezvimwewo, zvichipa dziviriro yakawanda. Ingave iri kurwiswa kwekunze kana kutyisidzira kwemukati, IDS inogona kuiona.
Kurongeka kwezviitiko:IDS inogona kunyora zvinyorwa zvemabasa enetwork kuti zviongororwe mushure mekufa uye kuti zviongororwe ne forensics. Zvakafanana nemunyori akatendeka anochengeta zvinyorwa zvese zviri munetwork.
Zvakaipa zveIDS:
Mwero mukuru wezviratidzo zvenhema:Sezvo IDS ichivimba nemasaini uye kuona zvinhu zvisina kujairika, zvinokwanisika kuona zvisirizvo traffic yakajairika sechiitiko chakaipa, zvichikonzera matambudziko enhema. Kufanana nemurindi wekuchengetedza anonyanya kufunga kuti munhu anotakura zvinhu nembavha.
Kutadza kudzivirira zviri pachena:IDS inogona kungoona nekukurudzira nyevero chete, asi haigone kudzivirira traffic yakaipa. Kupindira nemaoko kwevatariri kunodiwawo kana dambudziko rawanikwa, izvo zvinogona kutungamira mukupindura kwenguva refu.
Kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa:IDS inofanirwa kuongorora huwandu hwakawanda hwe network traffic, iyo inogona kutora zvakawanda zve system resources, kunyanya munzvimbo ine vanhu vakawanda vanofamba-famba.
IPS: "Mudziviriri" weNetwork Security
1. Pfungwa huru yeIPS Intrusion Prevention System (IPS)mudziyo wekuchengetedza network kana software yakagadzirwa zvichibva paIDS. Haingogone kuona mabasa ane hutsinye chete, asiwo kuadzivirira panguva chaiyo uye kudzivirira network kubva pakurwiswa. Kana IDS iri musori, IPS muchengeti akashinga. Haingogone kuona muvengi chete, asiwo kutora danho rekumisa kurwiswa kwemuvengi. Chinangwa cheIPS ndecheku "tsvaga matambudziko nekuwagadzirisa" kuchengetedza network kuburikidza nekupindira kwenguva chaiyo.
2. Mashandiro anoita IPS
Zvichibva pabasa rekuona reIDS, IPS inowedzera nzira yekudzivirira inotevera:
Kuvharirwa kwemotokari:Kana IPS yaona traffic yakaipa, inogona kuivharira ipapo ipapo kuti isapinde munetwork. Semuenzaniso, kana packet ikawanikwa ichiedza kushandisa hutachiona hunozivikanwa, IPS inongoisiya.
Kugumiswa kwechikamu:IPS inogona kumisa kusangana pakati pehost ine njodzi uye kudzima kubatana kweanorwisa. Semuenzaniso, kana IPS ikaona kuti kurwiswa kwebruteforce kuri kuitwa pakero yeIP, inongodzima kutaurirana neIP iyoyo.
Kusefa zviri mukati:IPS inogona kuita filtering content pane network traffic kudzivirira kutapurirwa kwekodhi yakaipa kana data. Semuenzaniso, kana email attachment ikawanikwa ine malware, IPS ichavhara kutapurirwa kwe email iyoyo.
IPS inoshanda semuchengeti wesuo, kwete kungoona vanhu vanofungira, asiwo kuvadzinga. Inokurumidza kupindura uye inogona kudzima kutyisidzira kusati kwapararira.
3. Zvakanakira nezvakaipa zveIPS
Mabhenefiti eIPS:
Kudzivirira kwakasimba:IPS inogona kudzivirira traffic yakaipa panguva chaiyo uye kuchengetedza zvinobudirira network. Zvakafanana nemurindi akadzidziswa zvakanaka, anokwanisa kudzinga vavengi vasati vasvika pedyo.
Mhinduro yega yega:IPS inogona kuita otomatiki mitemo yekudzivirira yakafanotaurwa, ichideredza mutoro pavatungamiriri. Semuenzaniso, kana kurwiswa kweDDoS kwaonekwa, IPS inogona kudzikamisa otomatiki traffic inosanganisirwa.
Dziviriro yakadzika:IPS inogona kushanda nemafirewall, magedhi ekuchengetedza nezvimwe zvishandiso kuti ipe dziviriro yakadzika. Haingodziviriri chete muganhu wenetwork, asiwo inodzivirira zvinhu zvakakosha zvemukati.
Zvakaipa zveIPS:
Njodzi yekudzivirira nhema:IPS inogona kuvharira traffic yakajairika netsaona, zvichikanganisa mashandiro akajairika enetwork. Semuenzaniso, kana traffic yepamutemo ikatsanangurwa zvisirizvo seyakaipa, inogona kukonzera kudzimwa kwebasa.
Mhedzisiro yekushanda:IPS inoda ongororo chaiyo uye kugadziriswa kwetraffic yenetwork, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa mashandiro enetwork. Kunyanya munzvimbo dzine vanhu vakawanda, zvinogona kukonzera kunonoka kwakanyanya.
Kugadziriswa kwakaomarara:Kugadziriswa nekugadziriswa kweIPS kwakaoma uye kunoda vashandi vane hunyanzvi kuti vatarisire. Kana isina kugadziriswa zvakanaka, inogona kutungamira mukusashanda zvakanaka kwekudzivirira kana kuwedzera dambudziko rekuvharika kwenhema.
Musiyano uripo pakati peIDS neIPS
Kunyangwe IDS neIPS zvine musiyano wezwi rimwe chete muzita, zvine musiyano mukuru mukushanda uye mashandisirwo. Heano misiyano mikuru pakati peIDS neIPS:
1. Nzvimbo inoshanda
IDS: Inonyanya kushandiswa kutarisa nekuona njodzi dzekuchengetedza mu network, iyo iri yekudzivirira kusingashande. Inoshanda semusori, ichiridza alarm kana ichiona muvengi, asi isingatore danho rekurwisa.
IPS: Basa rekudzivirira rinowedzerwa kuIDS, iro rinogona kudzivirira traffic yakaipa munguva chaiyo. Zvakafanana nemurindi, kwete chete anogona kuona muvengi, asiwo anogona kuvadzivirira kuti vasapinde.
2. Maitiro ekupindura
IDS: Zviziviso zvinoburitswa mushure mekunge njodzi yaonekwa, zvichida kuti mukuru wemauto apindire nemaoko. Zvakafanana nemurindi anoona muvengi oenda kunoudza vakuru vake, achimirira mirairo.
IPS: Maitiro ekudzivirira anongoitwa otomatiki mushure mekunge njodzi yaonekwa pasina kupindira kwevanhu. Zvakafanana nemurindi anoona muvengi obva amudzosera kumashure.
3. Nzvimbo dzekuendeswa kunzvimbo
IDS: Inowanzoiswa panzvimbo isina network uye haikanganisi zvakananga traffic ye network. Basa rayo nderekutarisa nekunyora, uye haizokanganisi kutaurirana kwakajairika.
IPS: Inowanzo shandiswa panzvimbo yepamhepo yenetwork, inobata zvakananga vanhu vanofamba nenetwork. Inoda kuongororwa panguva chaiyo uye kupindira kwevanhu vanofamba nenetwork, saka inoshanda zvakanyanya.
4. Njodzi yekunyevera nhema/kuvharika kwenhema
IDS: Mashoko enhema haakanganisi mashandiro enetwork zvakananga, asi anogona kukonzera kuti vatariri vaomerwe. Kufanana nemurindi anonyanya kunzwa, unogona kuridza maalamu kakawanda uye kuwedzera basa rako.
IPS: Kuvharira zvisiri izvo kunogona kukonzera kukanganisika kwebasa uye kukanganisa kuwanikwa kwenetiweki. Zvakafanana nemurindi ane hasha zvakanyanya uye anogona kukuvadza mauto ane hushamwari.
5. Mashandisirwo enyaya
IDS: Yakakodzera mamiriro ezvinhu anoda ongororo yakadzama uye kutarisa zviitiko zve network, zvakaita sekuongorora kuchengetedzeka, kupindura zviitiko, nezvimwewo. Semuenzaniso, kambani inogona kushandisa IDS kutarisa maitiro evashandi pa internet uye kuona kutyorwa kwedata.
IPS: Yakakodzera mamiriro ezvinhu anoda kuchengetedza network kubva mukurwiswa munguva chaiyo, senge kuchengetedzwa kwemiganhu, dziviriro yakakosha yebasa, nezvimwewo. Semuenzaniso, kambani inogona kushandisa IPS kudzivirira vapambi vekunze kuti vasapinde munetwork yayo.
Kushandiswa kweIDS neIPS kunoshanda
Kuti tinzwisise musiyano uripo pakati peIDS neIPS, tinogona kuratidza mamiriro ezvinhu anotevera ekushandisa:
1. Dziviriro yekuchengetedzwa kwenetiweki yebhizinesi Munetiweki yebhizinesi, IDS inogona kuiswa mukati menetwork yekutarisa maitiro evashandi online uye kuona kana paine mukana wekupinda zvisiri pamutemo kana kubuda kwedata. Semuenzaniso, kana komputa yemushandi ikawanikwa ichipinda pawebhusaiti ine hukasha, IDS ichatumira yambiro uye ichazivisa maneja kuti aongorore.
Kune rumwe rutivi, IPS inogona kuiswa pamuganhu wenetwork kudzivirira vapambi vekunze kuti vasapinde munetwork yebhizinesi. Semuenzaniso, kana kero yeIP ikaonekwa kuti iri pasi pekurwiswa kweSQL, IPS ichavhara zvakananga traffic yeIP kuchengetedza kuchengetedzwa kwedatabase rebhizinesi.
2. Kuchengetedzwa kweData Center Munzvimbo dzedata, IDS inogona kushandiswa kutarisa traffic pakati pemaseva kuti ione kuvapo kwekutaurirana kusingawanzoitiki kana malware. Semuenzaniso, kana sevha iri kutumira huwandu hwakawanda hwedata risingafungidzike kune dzimwe nyika, IDS icharatidza maitiro asina kujairika uye ichazivisa maneja kuti aongorore.
IPS, kune rumwe rutivi, inogona kuiswa pamusuwo wenzvimbo dzedata kudzivirira kurwiswa kweDDoS, injection yeSQL uye mamwe traffic yakaipa. Semuenzaniso, kana tikaona kuti kurwiswa kweDDoS kuri kuedza kuputsa nzvimbo yedata, IPS inozviganhurira otomatiki traffic inobatanidzwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti sevhisi yacho inoshanda zvakanaka.
3. Kuchengetedzwa Kwegore Munzvimbo yegore, IDS inogona kushandiswa kutarisa kushandiswa kwemasevhisi egore uye kuona kana paine mukana wekuwana zvinhu zvisina mvumo kana kushandiswa zvisizvo kwezviwanikwa. Semuenzaniso, kana mushandisi ari kuedza kuwana zvinhu zvisina mvumo zvegore, IDS ichazivisa uye ichazivisa mutungamiriri kuti atore matanho.
IPS, kune rumwe rutivi, inogona kuiswa pamucheto wenetwork yegore kuti idzivirire masevhisi egore kubva mukurwiswa kwekunze. Semuenzaniso, kana kero yeIP ikaonekwa kuti inotanga kurwisa kwechisimba pasevhisi yegore, IPS ichabvisa zvakananga kubva kuIP kuti idzivirire kuchengetedzeka kwesevhisi yegore.
Kushandiswa pamwe chete kweIDS neIPS
Muchokwadi, IDS neIPS hazvipo zvega, asi zvinogona kushanda pamwe chete kupa dziviriro yakakwana yekuchengetedzwa kwenetiweki. Semuenzaniso:
IDS semubatsiri weIPS:IDS inogona kupa ongororo yakadzama yetraffic uye kunyora zviitiko kuti ibatsire IPS kuona zviri nani nekudzivirira njodzi. Semuenzaniso, IDS inogona kuona maitiro ekurwisa akavanzika kuburikidza nekutarisa kwenguva refu, uye yozodzosera ruzivo urwu kuIPS kuti ivandudze nzira yayo yekudzivirira.
IPS inoshanda semutariri weIDS:Mushure mekunge IDS yaona njodzi, inogona kuita kuti IPS iite nzira yekudzivirira inoenderana nayo kuti iwane mhinduro otomatiki. Semuenzaniso, kana IDS ikaona kuti kero yeIP iri kuskenwa zvine hutsinye, inogona kuzivisa IPS kuti ivhare traffic zvakananga kubva kuIP iyoyo.
Nekubatanidza IDS neIPS, mabhizinesi nemasangano anogona kuvaka sisitimu yakasimba yekudzivirira kuchengetedzwa kwenetiweki kuti irambe zvinobudirira njodzi dzakasiyana-siyana dzenetiweki. IDS ine basa rekutsvaga dambudziko, IPS ine basa rekugadzirisa dambudziko, zviviri izvi zvinopindirana, hapana chinogona kusiyiwa.
Tsvaga kurudyiMutengesi weNetwork Packetkushanda neIDS yako (Intrusion Detection System)
Tsvaga kurudyiChinja cheInline Bypass Tapkushanda neIPS yako (Intrusion Prevention System)
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-23-2025
